Conflict between the debt holders and shareholders

Conflict amid the debt holders and regionholdersMyers and Majluf (1984) in their pioneering use on pecking-order surmise show that if the investors be non well intercommunicate about the information which the insiders reserve, the rectitude of that firm may be firmly mispriced. In their writing they similarly show that if any firm wants to fund its new project by new loveliness past the lawfulness screw be so under esteemd that the new investors will be separate off by getting more than shelter than the projects NPV. So the brass instrument will go for such a source which is not underpriced by the market like internal silver or riskless debt. So, in case of information asymmetry companies should follow an order of financing. Myers (1984) refers to this order as the pecking order. As per the pecking order the firm first goes for internal funds and thusly for low risk debt and fin everyy equity. As we have three study bang-up bodily twist theories in the li terature, it becomes an interesting task to test which hypothesis characterises the behaviour of Indian firms in their determining the nifty organize during the optimistic phase of capital market. There are many experimental studies Bradley, Jarrell, and Kim (1984), Titman and Wessels (1988), Rajan and Zingales (1995), Wald (1999) and cell et al. (2001) which have been done to test the applicability of the above mentioned capital social organisation theories in the developed and developing countries. grocery Timing TheoryMarket timing, a comparatively old initiative (see Myers, 1984), is having a new rushing of fame in the academic literature. In study by Graham and Harvey (2001), managers filter on to offer support for the plan. Consistent with the behavior of market timing, firms habituated to issue equity subsequent a stock price run-up. Furthermore, researches that psychoanalyze y elucidate-run stock profits following business financing events let test copy relia ble with market timing. Lucas and McDonald (1990) investigate a dynamic unfavorable selection form that mix essentials of the pecking order with the market timing theory, which can give details of pre-issue run-ups but not post issue under(a) performance. Baker and Wurgler (2002) verbalize that capital twist is best perceived as the cumulative perfume of precedent attempts to time the market. The basic suggestion is that managers regard at existing passel in both debt market and equity markets. If they found a need of financing, they use whichever market presently looks more favorable. If neither market looks unconditional, they may go for defer issuances. On the early(a)(a) hand, if present conditions look strangely favorable, funds possibly will be raised still if the firm has no need for any funds at this time. composition this idea seems reasonable, it has not anything to say about most(prenominal) of the factors convention all in ally considered in studies of corp orate financing. However, it does propose that stock returns and debt market circumstances will play an significant role in capital organise decisions.LITERATURE REVIEWThe first paper on capital construction was written by Miller and Modigliani in 1958, Showing that subject to rough restrictive situation, the impact of leveraging on the worth of firm is pert the conceptually provided that the worth of firm is not mutually beneficial upon the capital complex body part decision given that certain conditions are met. Because of the unrealistic assumptions in MM irrelevance theory, research on capital structure gave birth to another(prenominal)(a) theories.According to the traditional (or static) trade-of theory (TOT), firms select optimal capital structure by comparing the evaluate benefits of the debt, the costs of unsuccessful person and the costs of path of debt and equity, that is to say the corrective role of debt and the fact that debt effects from informational cost t han removed equity. (Modigliani and Miller, 1963 Stiglitz, 1972 Jensen and Meckling, 1976 Myers, 1977 Titman, 1984.)The Trade Off theory says that a firms adjustment toward an optimal supplement is influenced by three factors namely taxes, xosts of financial distress and agency costs. Baxter (1967) argued that the all-inclusive use of debt increases the chances of bankruptcy because of which creditors demand extra risk premium. He said that firms should not use debt beyond the point where the cost of debt becomes larger than the tax advantage.In the so-called Pecking Order Theory (POT) (Donaldson, 1961 Myers and Majluf, 1984 Myers, 1984), because of asymmetries of information in the midst of insiders and outsiders, the social club will prefer to be financed first by internal resources, past by debt and finally by stockholders equity. The debt symmetry depends then on the compass point of information asymmetry, on the capacity of self-financing and on the various constraints which the company meets in the access to the various sources of financing. So, in the pecking order world, observed supplement reflects the past profitability and investment opportunities of the companies.The dynamic trade-off theory (DTOT) tries a via media between TOT and POT (Fischer et al., 1989 Leland, 1994, 19981). Although, due to information asymmetries, market imperfections and deed costs, many companies allow their supplement ratios to drift away from their targets for a time, when the surmount becomes large enough managers take steps to move their companies back toward the targets. While the POT explains short-run deviation from the target, the traditional TOT holds in the colossal run. Following this barbel, leverage must converge toward a target leverage ratio. That would no be the case following POT because managers make no effort to turn around changes in leverage.Two additional theories in any case reject the idea of timely meeting toward a target leverage r atio. According to the theories of market timing and inertia, the capital structure is the result at a given time of an historical process. Supporters of the market timing sexual climax (Jalilvand and Harris, 1984 Korajczyk et al., 1991 Lucas and McDonald, 1990 Jung et al., 1996 Loughran et al., 1994 Baker and Wurgler, 2002) argue that companies will sell overpriced equity shares. Companys share prices will fluctuate around their factual value, and managers inclined to issue shares when the market-to-book ratio is high. A sharp debt ratio must thus follow a long achievement of high market-to-book ratio. According to the managerial inertia approach (Welch, 2004) companies do not adjust their debt ratio to the fluctuations of the market value of their equity. heights market-to-book ratio must thus be accompanied by small debt.Graham and Harvey (2001) find that chief financial officers in the USA discourse concern about earnings volatility in capital structure choices. According t o Mohammad M. Omran and John Pointon (2009) study, one of our issues of interest is whether debt is negatively associated with earnings volatility, in which case firms react to the risk, and manage it by reducing debt. On the other hand, if debt is found to be positively associated with earnings volatility, then they do not appear to manage the risk.Ayesha Mazhar and Mohamed Nisar (1997) have discussed the determinants of capital structure of Pakistani firms. They selected a sample from Pakistani companies registered on Islamabad Stock Exchange. The sample is divide into ii sub-samples of private and government owned companies to make comparison between both sectors. The sample comprised 91 Pakistani companies out of which 80 companies are private and 11 are government owned covering the period of 1999-2006. They have taken debt to equity as a proxy of leverage of a firm, and tangibility of assets, profitability, surface, growth, tax provision and return on assets as in hooked va riables. They use correlation to determine the degree of association between different variables. Spearmen correlation is used for all independent variables association with dependent variables. Regression is also used to measure the relationship between dependent and independent variables.Attaullah shah and saifullah khan (2007) they used two variants of penal data i.e. continual coeffective ideal and unflinching effect model to calculate the determinants of capital structure of Karachi Stock Exchange listed non-financial firms from1994 to2002. Pooled arrested development investigation was applied with the hypothesis that on that point were no industry or time effects. Though, by means of fixed effect dummy variable regression, the coefficients for a amount of industries were significant displaying in that respect were significant industry effects later we accepted the late model for our investigation. He had measured effect of seven explanatory variables is measured on lever age ratio which is designed by dividing the rack up debt by total assets.Safdar Ali Butt and ArshadHasan(2009) had explores the association between capital structure and corporate governance of stock exchange listed companies in an equity market. The study considered the period of 2002 to 2005 for which 58 randomly selected non-financial listed companies from Karachi Stock Exchange has been investigated by using multivariate regression line analysis with fixed effect model method. Managerial monomania has negative relationship with debt to equity ratio indicating that concentration of ownership induces the managers to get down the gearing levels. Institutional ownership has positive relationship with capital structure which is consistent with corporate governance philosophy but this relation is statistically insignificant. Traditional determinants of capital structure like size and profitability have significantly effect on corporate financing decisions. Profitability is negativ ely related with debt to equity ratio and it is consistent with pecking order hypothesis. Similarly, size has positive relationship which shows that large firms can arrange debt financing due to long term Relationship and better collateral offering.NengjiuJu, Robert Parrino, Allen M. Poteshman, and Michael S. Weisbach Abstract (2005) this paper examine optimal capital structure choice by means of a dynamic capital structure model that is standardized to reflect authenticated firm features. They also examine the relation between firm value and capital structure. They estimate indicate that the impact on firm value of moderate deviations from optimal capital structure is small. This paper suggests that the trade-off model performs reasonably well in predicting capital structures for firms with typical levels of debt. This paper also shows that the major forces affecting a firms financing decisions are corporate taxes and bankruptcy costs.Mohamad H. Mohamad, Professor of Business Adm inistration. School of Management, University Utara Malaysia (Northern University of Malaysia), Sintok, Kedah DarulAman, Malaysia (1995).they examine the determinants of firms capital structure in Malaysia covering the period between 1986 to 1990. There are significant inter-industry differences in capital structure among Malaysian companies. Highly-leveraged firms are more likely to earn higher profits than less-leveraged firms. Similarly the relation between firms profit and equity ratio is also positive and is reflected in terms of the importance of efficient capital markets.Laurence Booth, VaroujAivazian, AsliDemirguc-Kunt, Vojislav Maksimovic(1999) has analyzed capital structure of firms in ten developing countries and provide indication that these choices are affected by the same variables as in advanced countries. But, there are constantly repeated differences crossways countries, when corporations choose to use of debt financing they are altering some foreseeable future n otes flows away from equity pretenders in exchange for cash up front. The issues that drive this decision remain mysterious regardless of a vast theoretical literature and years of data-based tests. The quantity of proof is large, and so it is frequently all too relaxed to provide some virtual(a) support for nearly any idea. It is satisfactory for a given paper but more challenging for the general expansion of our thoughtful of capital structure choice. As an outcome, in current decades the literature has not had a concrete experimental basis to differentiate the weaknesses and strengths of the main theories.Numerous theories of capital structure have been proposed which theory shall we take seriously? Of course, opinions differ. Remarkably, nearly all corporate finance textbooks inclined to the trade-off theory in which bankruptcy costs and deadweight taxation are key operators. Myers (1984) projected the pecking order theory in which there is a financing hierarchy of retained ear nings, debt, and then equity. In recent times, the idea that firms are engage in market timing has gain popularity. In conclusion, agency theory lurks in the telescope of a lot theoretical conversation. Agency concerns are frequently imperturbable into the trade-off structure largely interpreted. Advocates of these types of models are frequently point to experimental proof to support their preferred theory.Often suggestion has been made to the analyze by Harris and Raviv (1991) or to the experimental study by Titman and Wessels (1988). Both these two standard papers point up a serious empirical difficulty. They are dis turn backd over basic facts. According to Harris and Raviv (1991, p. 334), the accessible studies normally agree that leverage increases with tangible fixed assets, growth opportunities, non debt tax shields, firm size and decreases with advertising expenditures, volatility, research and development expenditures, profitability, bankruptcy probability, and uniquenes s of the product. On the other hand, Titman and Wessels(1988, p. 17) find that their outcome do not provide sustain for an effect on debt ratios due to non debt tax shields, collateral value, volatility, or future growth. Therefore, advocates of exacting theories are presented a choice of absolutely opposing well-known summaries of what we all know from the preceding literature. Obviously this is unacceptable, and the study aims to assist resolve this experimental difficulty.

An Overview of Advantages and Disadvantages of Recycling

An Overview of Advantages and Disadvantages of RecyclingWhat isSingle-StreamRecycling?Recycling is a process that converts prodigality into reusable significant. For example, aluminum endures leave behind be melted and then arrive into new posts and stem will be mixed with water to make pulp, which then pressed into new sheets of paper. Single- pepper cycle sum that a consumer can put all types of reusable goods-like aluminum cans, folderol containers, paper, and charge plate- into a iodine cycle bin and then a follow receives the mixture of recyclable items and sorts it all out in a factory setting. The reason why people recycle is be guinea pig they would like to contribute less bungle to land get hold ofs. larger landfills contribute to larger greenhouse gas emissions, which is known to wreak butchery on the earths atmosphere and health.HowDoesResidentialSingle-StreamRecycling Work?A nonmigratory will either purchase or be provided with a recycle bin-American c ycle bins are typically green or blue-that will be kept in or right field outside their place. The resident will fill the bin with all types of recyclable items including but non control to paper, plastic, and metal, and fruitcake- more than specifics will be discussed shortly. That bin of recyclables will be emptied into a community absorbster or will be directly pose on the impediment for a cycle company to pick up. This pick up of recyclables typically happens on a weekly or biweekly basis. The recycling company will then dump all of the recyclables into a materials recovery adeptness (MRF) where they are will be sorted by machines and manpower 6. The materials that can be salvaged are then roll up by type (paper with paper, glass with glass, etc.) and shipped to various companies for them to repurpose and use for their own products.A BriefTimelineon the invoiceof Recycling1897New York City creates one of the first MRFs in America. 121965to1970The Mobius spiral is i ntroduced as the symbol for Reduce, Reuse, Recycle, by Gary Anderson. 121974University City, MO becomes one of the first municipalities in the country to offer curbside recycling to its residents. 121988The number of curbside recycling course of instructions in the US change magnitudes to about 1,050. 121990sCommunities in California were the first to use single- flow rate recycling in America. 112000 The EPA confirms a link between global calefacient and waste, showing that recycling and reducing our garbage decreases greenhouse gas emissions. 122005 approximately 20 percent of all U.S. communities with recycling programs use single-stream recycling. 102010About 64 percent of all U.S. communities with recycling programs used single-stream recycling. 102011America recycled about 87 million tons of material, more than 60 percent of Americans have annoy to curbside recycling. 102015About 22 percent of standard American county is complying with the standards to put right things i n there. 1AdvantagesFortheResidentDecreasesortingeffortsSingle-stream recycling versus multi-stream recycling pith that the efforts for sorting recyclables are cut backall recyclables are allowed in a single recycling bin. This may make residents more likely to participate in recycling and may lead to more recyclables placed at the curb or in the community recycling dumpster/receptacle. 8ClarityofdestinationFor residents participating in curb side pick- up, the recycling trucks will come by with fantastic signs labeling their truck as a recycling truck. The emphasis on uncloudedness of which company is picking up their recyclables, will en trustworthy the residents that their recyclables are existence sent to a MRF and not a landfill 8.FortheParticipatingCommunitiesDecreasewastemanagementcostsFor any given city, labor costs and tipping fees for garbage management will decrease as the meter of recycling increases. This means that an average American single- stream recycling sy stem that costs $200,000 per grade should be breaking even by 2019 4. Recycling costs a city $39 per ton, versus$49 for garbage. Also, single-compartment trucks cost less to purchase and blend versus multi-compartment trucks used for multi-stream recycling systems. This will also contribute to a reduced collection cost.IncreaseefficiencySingle-compartment trucks are able to use automatize collection routines, which leads to collection routes being serviced more efficiently 8.SaferconditionsforworkersThe workers for the recycling companies may see a decrease in the amount of work-related injuries. Recycling bins for single-stream recycling are commonly in the form of wheeled carts. Multi-stream bins were typically not wheeled which makes workers prone to injuring their backs when they pick up and carry numerous bins 8.For the environmentIncreaseland filllifeRecycling in frequent will extend the life of a landfill because, with less waste in the garbage bin and more materials in the recycling bin, the landfill wont fillup so quickly with waste, thus extending its life 4.RecyclemorematerialsAs inquiry continues, single-stream recycling may make way for an probability to add new materials to the list of recyclables accepted. Also, with a single-stream sorting system, more grades of paper may be collected than ever before 8. An increase is the amount of recycled materials will positively impact the environment.DisadvantagesFortheParticipatingCompaniesIncreaseintaxesA resident who lives in a location that has a single-stream recycling program is most likely going topay local taxes for the program. These taxes are subject increase becuase Residents who participate in single- streamFor the EnvironmentContaminatedmaterialtolandfills overdue to the nature of single-stream recycling, different materials will cross- bemire other materials. A typical, new single- stream program endures contamination in about 40 percent of its rafts 4. These contaminated parts of th e load will be sent to the landfill. commingle all materials together is convenient, but leads to wet paper and bits of broken glass that cant be sorted.About a quarter of single-stream recycling goes to the dump because of contamination 6.LowerqualityofproductsSusan Collins, director of the Container Recycling Institutea nonprofit research and advocacy group, says in terms of preserving the quality of materials so that the maximum materials collected can actually be recycled, single-stream is one of the worst options 6. The purpose of recycling is so that materials can be repurposed and reused. If the MRFs are supplying poor-quality raw material to companies, they are costing those companies a loss in quality of their goods as well.What You Can and Cant RecycleYou should only recycle paper, cardboard, commingled containers, plastic bottles, tubs, jugs, and jars. recruit 2 offers some visual aids on what typical household recyclable goods look like.TheBigDONOTSofSingle-StreamRecyc lingDo not recycle any container that has previously held oil because it is very likely to contaminate other items you place in your recycling bin 3. Do not bag any items to be recycled-they should all be loosely placed into your recycling receptacle. Bagging items are very likely to be toss out during the recycling process and send to the landfill. Do not recycle plastic bags by themselves either because they can bind up the sorting machines gears and cause damage. Do not recycle Styrofoam or shredded paper.Excluding cardboard, make sure all commingled containers, bottles, jugs, and jars, are not flattened. Ball up on aluminum foil you recycle so that the sorting machines dont mistake it as a sheet of paper. Any material that was in contact with food or other messy substances should be emptied and rinsed out thoroughly.

Overcoming Cultural Differences And Understanding Organisation Culture Commerce Essay

Overcoming heathenish Differences And intellectual brass civilisation Commerce EssayWhat is finale? Culture is some(prenominal)thing you belong to. Here a few definitions of the word nuance. Geertz describes socialization as a system of sh atomic number 18d pop meaning, (Griffin, 2003, p. 273), Pancanowsky said culture is non something a geological formation has, a culture is something an organization is. (Griffin, 2003, p. 273) Philipesen describes culture as a socially constructed and historically genic pattern of symbols, meanings, premises, and rules.(Griffin, 2003, p.420).In this case study EUROCOM Systems is a German organization and SOFTCOM is an IT organization in sweet Zealand.EUROCOM Systems is taking over SOFTCOM.According to the supra definitions about culture, we can see that EUROCOM Systems and SOFTCOM are ii different types of organizations with two different cultures. Firstly their languages are different, and also the German organization has a rattl ing traditional management style. Their staff are expected to pall traditional business suits and ties and keep to fixed routine running(a) hours. The New Zealand organization has an leisurely and relaxed atmosphere, including a dress code and flexible working hours that suit their customers.There are also early(a) problems that could happen in the new organization. As the case study mentions that EUROCOM get out send their accept managers to New Zealand. These managers run through to face a new environment, so could have a lot of anxiety.During the takeover, it will be two different countries with different cultures merging together obviously this could ca social function culture conflict.How can these ethnic differences be overcome? The above tolerates two hypotheses, using some theories to inspection and repair to achieve the hypotheses.Agenda-Setting guessMaxwell McCombs Donald Shaws Agenda Setting supposition uses physique where they select a feature and put thi s into the mind of people make them think about it.For example, SOFTCOMs flexible working hours change to fixed daily working hours. If at lunch time or outside working hours, the customers has some software problems needing speciality champion, who can serve them to figure out the problems. Does the customer have to wait until the speciality staff are gage from lunch? No, no one has the patience when they have a problem. They wish the company solve the problem at once.As no one can run a business without customers, SOFTCOM should put those points to frame the pagan differences, and let EUROCOM think about by changing SOFTCOM culture it whitethorn cause many problems, and even stomach customers.Social Penetration Theory Cultural approach to organization TheorySocial Penetration Theory is when the onion is peeled by layer the two nationalities will curtly be friends and appreciate to each one other. (Griffin, 2003, p. 133) Once they penetrate well infra the surface, the Ge rmans and New Zealanders will become close.Story and ritual (Using the metaphor) can help to understand an organization culture. So in this case, SOFTCOM can tell some stories through ritual that will help EUOROCOM Managers to understand SOFTCOM culture.Below is an provide an example combining these two theories.When the managers of EUORCOM come to New Zealander at first, they powerfulness feel uncomfortable and not know what to say to SOFTCOM staff, but subsequently a few days they will start to know each other. Also SOFTCOM can provide some rituals such as a party or a BBQ, and by corporate stories, collegial stories or personal story telling increase their relationships and help them understand the SOFTCOM culture.Understanding organization cultureCommunication theories randomness Systems progression to OrganisationsCultural Approach to OrganizationsFace- dialogue Theorytarradiddle Paradigm TheoryFrom the case study, it seems that SOFTCOM Systems is a culture system and belon gs to Individualistic culture. EUOROCOM Systems is an data system and belongs to collectivistic culture.Below are some theories to identify the statement, and also will provide a strategy for SOFTCOM to keep the ludicrous features of the government activity.Information Systems Approach to Organisations TheoryAccording to Weicks Information Systems Approach to Organisations theory, every organisation as living organizations that must endlessly adapt to changing environment in order to stay alive. (Griffin, 2003, p. 259). Weick dialog about the information and how it relates to the organisation, whereas organisation systems depend on the information system. Weick considers in his theory the hierarchy structural of the organisation. Every employee is put on different levels of positions. The antique is at the altitude, flows d cause to the associate managers, along the path to the attached level will be the workers at the lower level. From this hierarchy structural, Weick form s up the chain-of-command lines of colloquy. Information is pushed down from the top, where the boss is, down to his associates and from the associates to the workers below. Information flows in the organisation.Cultural Approach to Organisation TheoryGeertz and Pacanowskys theory of the Cultural Approach to Organisation base on Information Systems Approach to Organisations theory, but they state that culture is not something that an organisation has culture is something an organisation is. Geertz describes culture as a system of shared meaning, (Griffin, 2003, p. 273),From the above explanations of the two theories, we can see EUOROCOM is an information system, because the boss at top level pushes information down to the beside level associates, and to the workers. The workers do not have a chance to digest opinions to the managers. As the case study said the EUOROCOM organization has a very conservative management style.SOFTCOM is a culture system. As EUOROCOM the boss from the top pushes the information to the next level and to the workers. But SOFTCOM have utile communication and a shared meaning about the information. The case study says SOFTCOM has an easygoing relaxed atmosphere, which is why SOFTCOM is an innovative and creative software development.Face-Negotiation TheoryAccording to Ting-Toomeys Face- Negotiation theory, she distinguishes national cultures within collectivistic and exclusiveistic categories. (Griffin, 2003, p. 436).Collectivistic culture kernel where people identify with a larger group loyalty indeed acting from a We-identity. The collectivistic culture has a superior scene communication or message.Individualistic culture means where people carry out for themselves and their immediate families thus acting from an I-identity. The Individualistic culture has a low context communicationUsing these definitions we can see that EUOROCOM is a Collectivistic culture, because the EUOROCOM System values collective needs and goals ove r individual needs and goals. In EUOROCOM, staff behaviour is controlled by the company, for example, the EUOROCOM System boss asked the SOFTCOM staff to wear traditional business suits and ties everyday, and they had no choice, but to do it no matter whether they want to it or not.EUOROCOM has a very high context on sending messages from their boss to staff. The power gap surrounded by the boss at the top and his associates below is wide. It is hard for the worker to eliminate their thoughts to the top level.The SOFTCOM system is an individualistic culture because SOFTCOM treat every person as unique.SOFTCOM has a very low context communication in the midst of their boss and staff. Its a narrow hierarchy structure. The power gap between the boss at the top level and his associates below (the workers of the organisation) is narrow. In other words, communication between the workers is easy and they help each other, not want the high context communication staff of EUOROCOM Systems . So their company is contributive to more than innovation than EUOROCOM.How can the take over be effective? In the case study EUOROCOM will create a more disciplined culture in the new organization which means the Germans will run the merged organisation to their collectivistic culture. How could the New Zealanders persuade the Germans not take away the unique features of SOFTCOM? Here using narrative persona theory could persuade EUOROCOM to keep the SOFTCOM system, so that SOFTCOM will not lose the unique features of the organization.Narrative Paradigm TheoryUsing Walter Fishers theory Narrative Paradigm would be effective. Fisher says that people are storytelling animals and to reason to others we use stories.SOFTCOM could persuade the Germans and point out that the organisation is living in its own culture and they do their own work according to the features of the culture of their organisation and their effect on the society. So they can use their customers to tell a story to EUOROCOM to persuade the Germans to confirm the takeover without taking away their unique features.Customers might say they are familiar with the service that SOFTCOM gives them because SOFTCOM serve them on their own way. If EUOROCOM takes that away, loss of customers could turn out to be true which EUOROCOM would not want to happen for the sake of the organisation.

Multiculturalism And Non Verbal Communication Cultural Studies Essay

Multiethnicalism And Non Verbal conference Cultural Studies EssayEin truth part of dry land follows divers(prenominal) coating in tout ensemble aspects such as line of descent, education, sustenance habits, and so forth The arna is full of confrontations amid people who think, feel several(predicate)ly. agriculture is non inherited it is learned. Inter heathen studies teach us the ethnic difference between people, so this is essentially needed for us to reach out globally, especially in contrast and work outrank. To understand cultural phenomenon it is essential to map cultural paradigms .Cultural differences ar unpredictable and confusing this leads to frust proportionalityn for people who works in different culture head or global gondola care customs. Migration from 1 culture to an otherwise culture is a big culture name which Is really difficult to cope up with it, for representative, a sufficer from Sweden moves to Ind mavinsia to human beingage an Indo nesian company leave behind be a big occupation for both because Sweden is task-oriented work culture, precisely Indonesia is hierarchy-oriented work culture. Migrating from collectivism to individualistic or vice-versa besides befool serious m windup and face problems. Learning other culture style one should not change their character and mimicker local culture, that would create even worse problems, so be yourself-importance and keep local rituals, habits and tradition and act fitingly.Cultural dimensions are really big to know before making any adjunction ventures or compact with other culture undermentioned people, because approximatelything which is good and correct in ones culture go away be bad or wrong in some other culture. For example, an Ameri back end company joint venture with Japanese ,the brush was held in Japan where Ameri sess representatives his speech in a loud and communicatory manner, this make Japanese tensed because speaking loudly and in c ommunicatory manner they consider as angry so this all the way shows cultural dimensions are really all-important(prenominal) and essential in intercultural studies and to understand cultural phenomenon.The culture is the way of living, human behavior is changes and it is depending upon culture. Human behavior differs from different culture, there are various risks of using culture as an example for human behavior in some culture using left hand(p) lead for handshake or giving any documents is totally bad, but in some culture they prefer left hand when these twain culture meet to demoralizeher there positive a damaging impression on the human behavior and the culture. Trust between deuce cultural people gets lost which led to breakdown in railway line. In some culture women talking to others men expect their relation or friend is a crime especially in Islamic counties, on the flip side many culture men and women are considered towards exist and no restrictions for women. In coun seek alike(p) India eating with the left hand is considered as a bad habit, but most westerners are left handed prefer eating in left hand. But these causa of behavior is depends upon their culture one should not blame or gossipmonger on it. So people going to global market should witting of all these cultural behavior and understand their culture to have a healthy business relationship.2. COMMUNICATING NONVERBALLYNonverbal communication is in addition called as clay phraseology that we communicate without using words at all. People of the other culture will misunderstand our re principal(prenominal)s spoken communication just as they may misinterpret the words they speak or write. Fortunately however, we can learn senior highlights of another cultures nonverbal phraseology a lot quicker than verbal language (Richard R Gesteland 2002). Understanding nonverbal communication is very important if we if there is a different cultural meetings because ashes languag e of one culture is different and have different heart and soul in another culture, it may even create an negative blow on people. Nonverbal communication plays a great single-valued function in field of business even today. Cultures are varied like very expressive, partially expressive and reserved cultures each have different body language. There are quaternary facets of body language which is very important in cross culture negotiations such as spatial behavior, specter behavior, sum soupcon and gestures. These play a key role in negotiating globally. These nonverbal communications is not only important in business field but also between nations, persons, etcetera For example, Former Pakistan hot seat Parvesh Musharaf visited India for a peace talk when there was a handshake with Indian president it was very light handshake, finally the peace talk was failed. This clearly shows how the body language plays an important role globally.The study shows that in business field military personnels plays only 7% remaining 93% depends on the body language. Even one is very efficient in speaking can grab the audience attention, not having a good body language message is send to audience before the word goes. Personality exploitation trainings or some business training always give main importance to the body language in first place. Lets see some of the examples of nonverbal communication which is misinterpreted from the other culture. lawsuit 1- Once American business man visited Italy for a business meeting, they were travelling in a car heading to Milan from Florence. Italian colleague drove the car at 145km/hr, when the Italian started discussing about important negotiations, instead of weighing the road he started to look American face and his reactions. This made American really scared and he started driving from the half the way. In expressive culture like Italy will like to read your eyes and face when they talk, direct eye impact is critical in t heir culture .On the other side intense eye contact means in many part of Asia such as Japan, Singapore, etc they think you are to intimidate them or stare them down. Eye contact is the prime components in business dealings. exercising 2- Raising eyebrows many supranational negotiators will encounter raised eyebrow in many part of the world. Raising eyebrows is different meaning in different part of the world for North American raising eyebrow means interested, in Germany it means clever,for Filipinos it is a way of dictum hello for Chinese it means difference .If a Filipino goes to china on a business dismount and raised their eyebrow for saying hello, There will be a misinterpretation by Chinese which can cause problems in the talk.Example 3- Index finger pointing In east and south East Asia it is considered as rude to point anyone with forefinger instead can use in all hand flat with palm down. In country like India pointing index finger is considered as an insult, this no t the case in American and European countries. When doing business with Asians this is the one of the important body language to be considered.Example 4 -Raising thumb is considered as a universal sign of saying great, but in German it represents numeral 1, But in easterly Mediterranean and parts of Europe it means rude sexual sign. star should be thrifty in the gestures and body language when going globally.These four examples are sample of body language and how it can misinterpret other culture. Nonverbal communication is critical in international business to master misinterpretation intercultural studies and knowledge is very important.3. MULTICULTURAL TEAMSMulticultural ag conventions has become frequent because of lot of joint venture organizations globally and outsourcing of the big companies, for example Swedish company joint venture with Japan company, where both Swedish and Japanese tend to work together ,solve problem together. These types of multicultural grouping h ave lot of positives and also have many challenges because of cultural variations. In this look for we will see about lot of dimensions like how to improve peoples intercultural conflicts, how to get in effect(p) cooperation among multicultural team, etc.Multicultural teams are very effective in better creativity and innovation, it fork outs better decision making, for example, in an American -German joint venture Germans are technically very rich so they can guide the company in technical way whereas Americans cognise for their marketing and management skills can reach their market globally. Problem understand either it may be old or new, people attack from multiple cultures can provide better solution. This kind of grouping also minimizes pressure in the work place which occurs when there are like minded people works together. There is a big circumstances of market opportunities, increasing productivity, expansion of organization, increases business image, multicultural t eam is critical for success of organization.There are more(prenominal) challenges to face in multicultural teams it can be a success of organization or it can create study crash in organization. Diverse group confronting different set, experience, educational systems, character mainly language. These mingle of various culture creates hemorrhoid of differences between each other which is leading to internal conflicts, these are mainly because of communication problems. There is a greater possibility of frustration and dissatisfaction in blood leading to high turnover of team members. The diversity in the team often having problems in reaching consensus and taking decisions, this is due to ambiguity, miscommunication, and language barrier. When there is a meeting where decision have to be taken, it leads to neer ending debate, diversity in agreement of specific plans, etc, these problems paves way to major drop in productivity so there is a suspiciousness between organization and workers these causes stress in the organization .Another important factor is people of same culture tend to go along rise because of same language, determine, background creating inferiority complex with heterogeneous culture peers. unalike culture have their own values to follow these values also create great impact on the team performance. For example, A German-British joint venture company where Germans consider technical competence is a high value prepared very wee for the meeting, where as the British in turn skimmed through the papers and shared their point of view. This made Germans more irritated and commented British have lacking technical knowledge which made them to ask stupid questions the example clearly shows cultural values may even affect the relationship between sonny boy partners. In task-oriented culture specific job is given to individuals where they tend to take wholly responsibility if something went wrong. On the flip side collectivist culture the job is given people share their work and the final decision is taken by the boss if something went wrong individual is not blamed total group takes responsible. When these two cultures mingle each other confusion occurs composition working, it may go even worse when problem occurs affects the organization so badly.Managing the multicultural team is very important in an organization .If I was leading a team with multicultural peers, I would like to provide fit training to the team mates where they will learn values of different cultures, other cultural dimensions. In my point of view acquirement cultural dimensions will give background of other cultures, dissolves problems like miscommunication, etc. Insisting lots of group discussions which makes tem members to learn lot of stuffs like tolerance, views, etc. Encourage lots of interaction between peers which ultimately results in growing friendship and make them work comfortably. As a leader one should be more professional verbally, should teach juniors should not boss them, equating should be maintained between all members, trusting the fellow members are the prime factor for effective cooperation. Specific task should be structured, Communication skills should be developed, and the art of patience should be developed between team members. These factors create effective cooperation in team and make the work place healthy and successful environment.Intercultural competence is a process of how we behold others and how they perceive us. Intercultural communication competence is basically important in work place, growth the communication skills is the prime way to achieving it. Specific knowledge about the field of operations should be trained. Culture, religious beliefs, sensitive issues of other religion, importance of values should be trained. Team integrity should be developed to make team members golden working with fellow peers this can be done by group discussions, games where all the team members inv olving and performing specific task .social skills should be developed, par among the members should be developed, the ability to maintain relationship. These factors really help in improving intercultural competence in a multicultural team.4. WOMENS SITUATION IN subscriber lineWomen situation is different in different area this is because of the culture in their countries. Unlike men it is not easy for women to enter into the business world even though they are more skillful. They need to their maximum produce to prove themselves these kinds of practices are mostly seen in hierarchical cultures. In Muslim countries women are not allowed to enter into business, their job is to take care of the rest home and children. If a women working in Muslim country they should be very careful in their way of dressing, ways in maintaining relationship with fellow mates.Women are lining many challenges than men in business and all fields, Men may try to give comments on women beauty, hair, e tc which may be disgusting to hear this leads to frustration in work. In some virile dominant culture, women are not allowed to develop after a original level even if they are more eligible than the opposite sex. allude opportunity is not given to women this is because mens think women are slow pathetic and take decisions late. Most women are given job like receptionist, secretary, etc. Security issues are major problem for women in some countries secured floors are especially build for women entrepreneurs to avoid problems. After a business meeting women representatives are not allowed to enter parties showing difference of gender which will affect social and relationship (partys are meant for gluing relationship).In some cases women are not allowed to share their idea in a meeting male managers overleap without getting views of fellow mate this may also affect the organization. In some places maternity issue also plays a major role restricting women to grow in an organization . Moreover majorly women faces sexual issues and threats these are majorly in low developed countries. The prime factor is to develop a self confidence and courage is needed for women in business field, women can accord status in business situation by developing professionalism, bullocky relationship, learning the culture, code of conduct and values other culture who they are doing business with. Strong communication skills and dominant knowledge is also essential. female are given equal importance in field of business especially in countries like Sweden, Denmark, Norway, USA, and other European countries.To overcome the problems women facing in business field can be overcome easily. Women should like a reserve manner with business colleagues, being over-friendly and open world power cause problems. When first appearance hierarchical culture, prefer higher rank formal to give introduction and explain their qualification before starting a meeting this makes people in the meeting to get attention .In Muslim country women can also be successful by subtile their culture and acting according to it, women must be very careful in dressing and have to keep good relationship with colleagues ,interact in professionalism ,have to be subtle and non threatening manner. If a people tried to use words in wrong sense should not react to that. If a male colleague tried to put hand and take value instead of creating problems a big no is more than enough to end the problem. Women should be more courageous in business field than man .Deal the problem patiently, consult and make decision with fellow workers. Do not wear jewels and carry lot of money when going to under developed countries. Before going to place where they practice other culture try to study their culture and act accordingly. Thrash your inferiority complex when entering male dominant society.The world is changing and there are more women entrepreneurs coming some of them made a very big impact in business f ield. Equality in gender is already following in lot of countries, mainly in developed countries. Still there are many countries where they are fighting for women rights. To avoid this inequality proper education is given to people and the law should enforce for equality between genders. For example in Sweden women are given equal importance in every field which made them high in success ratio than in male dominant culture.

Motivation In The Case Of Technocraft Commerce Essay

indigence In The Case Of Technocraft Commerce EssayMotivation is a reproach of the reasons why hoi polloi do things. All port has a proper(postnominal) purpose (often several). Motivation shtup be considered to agree an individuals effort, persistence and the direction of that effort. It is the degree to which an individual wants and chooses to engage in real specified behavior.Notably in case study, Technocraft , there was an intrinsic motif, employees were vertical caused by salary, promotion, condition of manoeuvre etc. It focuses primarily on motivation of the individual in the toy status. It explores the influence of organizational dislodge, communication and contrast on personal motivation. Additionally, concepts such as intrinsic, extrinsic, come backs, personal needs and environmental stimulation ar discussed.Thus, motivation had whatever affect in employees yet they argon negatively influenced in statuss of contrary factors of an organization.Determinati on device and culture of the formal organizationThe construction or the structure of Technocraft contemplates concern model with its functional relationships. The cookers in this organization were closely prescribed or were in possession, or we can preferably say negative command. This is a mechanistic organization and recurring in nature.According to Drennan 1992-93 culture is how things are d adept around here. It is what typical of the organization, the habits prevailing attitudes, the grown up shape of accepted and expected behavior. Like wise, in Technocraft, it matches to role culture because it has gained a combination of size, departmentalization and ordering of activities. Generally, Mr. George, the professorship of the comp either can be interpreted as an example that was harsh and gives orders. The culture of the organization needs to be given, importance as the opportunities to learn.4.2 Management and leaders dashManagement is the regale of getting things done e ffectively and efficiently through other tidy sum so as in their company. Mr. George Ne good, the company chairman managed or form his employees in a different way. It can be matched with MCGregors theory X because most of the employees did not enjoyed working for Technocraft and just motivated by funds nevertheless the workers can be categorized or stereotyped in intrinsic motivation ready for challenging job, appreciation and recognition.4.3 characters4.3.1 George NewellHe is the chairman of the company. He views his workers in a negative way and he doesnt mark his employees.He is an exploitative- autocratic ruler. It matches with contingency flare of leadership flare rather than trait theory because he does not possess charismatic behavior, agency etc. as we can see he brought Helen, management consultant to solve the fuss. Employees were discouraged by his behavior because he promised to give reward for their heroic deeds and efforts but he felt up proud by distributi ng the t- shirts to all the employees. He did not possess a degree of power, influence, debt instrument and accountability which should be used in the pursuit of effective leadership performance. One of the Georges problems in the company was high labor turnover and his opinion was that the women had prompted this. As we know, motivation influences in individuals to succeed but he resolve performances on the activities of the organization.Likewise, he reprimanded the employees who were late from the tiffin, he could expect warned them, may be he used this coercive power and this showed the low morale, seniority and distances. He also did the job rotation because he was not satisfied by the Maggies efforts, (the wire department supervisor).4.3.2 Helen Mckiernan (management consultant)She was a management consultant and a rattling calm nature person. She was brought by the companys chairman to provide a declaration of the problem. She mainly focused on the nature of the wiring job because the recruitment procedures were unduly lax. Helen kept in mind that the reason for the job comfort might be through loose situations and social side of the work. She analyze the likes and dislikes of the workers and she found that the chairman was completely wrong active the labor turnover.4.3.3 Elena and speedwell (wirers)Both of them were wirers in Technocraft. They had a problem due to inexperience and precaution of making a mistake and the problem caused directly from their slow work rate and they need some experienced wirers to correct them. In my opinion, they are in need of on-the job training.4.3.4 Maggie Francis (supervisor)Maggie Francis, the wiring department supervisor, who was given province for bringing twain women, i.e Elen and Veronica, up to speed within a particularized time. Maggies leadership style fits or matches with her supervising role. She was more(prenominal) understanding in nature. As a study throughout this book of organization beh avior, by Ian Brooks, organization change is particularly worthy of consideration in any discussion of leadership and it matches with consideration category of Blake and Mounton 1964, she was defensive and she was in a job rotation by the company chairman in place of Robert because she was too soft to the employees.4.3.5. Robert Houlden Line Manager)On the basis of Blake and Mounton 1964, managerial grid, in this study there was a concern for production, autocratic and project oriented. He was ap designateed by chairman to sort out the shirkers in the wish of raising productivity in upcoming future.4.4 PerceptionGeorge style of leadership was like autocratic towards the women. It is some what like coercive power. Although the staff possesses no confidence in their ability, they are in need of a supreme motivation. New comers i.e. Elen and Veronica were in a learning phase. There was no respect for Maggies job as well as womens in the work place. The women were reprimanded by the chairman who could be done in a courteous way as well.4.5 Motivation and shopfloorThe management of conflict in organizations affects the motivation of individuals and groups. According to Schmidt (1974), following empirical research conducted among management executions in USA, revealed both positive and negative effects of conflict. Maggies as a supervisor, the autocratic style of had adverse affect due to the sudden change in leadership.i.e.from wiring department supervisor to packing. Research indicates that conflict can stimulate originative thinking and can inspire people to confront long term problem and explore new approaches. It may also encourage reflection and help people clarify their views and heighten their interest in the task at hit and also test peoples abilities.However, negative effects of conflict can lead to dis atonement, demotivation and reduced performance. Schmidt (1974) found that original people felt defeated by conflict and the consequences would be contactless and leads to suspicion.5.0 RecommendationWhat I can recommend is that the culture of the organization needs to be improved. Combining the two incident, there is a change in the level of output. The women were believed that they are matched with VH roar expectancy theory.In the 1st incident, there was a change in job design to fasten up the speed of the employees. He could have said in a polite way to the workers after they returned from their lunch break. This can be a good style of autocratic leader, and some how matches with McGregors X theory and coercive power as well.Finally, in my point of view, the management should be more systematic so that the workers would perform their activities more efficiently and effectively.5.1 Reconstructing the work forceReconstructing the shop floor is done for back up competition between workers. A group leader role could motivate the work force but Helen, management consultant investigated number of workers about the likes and dis likes of the company and the answers was negative management. So , the managerial practice at technocraft convert her that the shop floor labor turnover was not only absurd but actually a part of the problem.However, for better number of employees in the work place, the team should be encouraged and motivated.5.2 Leadership StyleAs in the technocraft everyones complain is towards management. George needs to enhance the considerations of the worker and to think of his employees. I think he lacks the ability to influence a group towards achieving certain objectives. Leadership and responsibility of mangagement should be open and consultative style. It should be implemented on the workers so that they would be motivated by the help of different programme. According to continuum tunnerbaum and Schmidt leadership style there should not tell and sells but there consults and joins in a democratic way. In the company, it matches with autocratic style which sub-ordinates could not use thei r respective freedom.5.3 motivating the work forceGeorge should assoil in mind or adopt a consultative style which motivates its members, aiming the specific ends. The first two level of needs, salary and job security department should be fulfilled by the management inorder to motivate the workforce. It would be the informal group which already exists. It also depends upon Georges perception for the feedback and support. In his opinion, unemployment are well below national average and many women are living with husbands who realize a decent living wage or salary. According to Maslow stratified needs, the lower level needs should take precedent, if they were not fulfilled.However, a connectedness between job satisfaction and absenteeism, staff turnover, and the incidence both bodily and mental health problems (Schneider, 1984). Furthermore, the model is highly ethnocentric. Finally, applying their theory to the workplace is troubled with difficulties although this theory is i ntended to be managerial or organizational tool.5.4 line of business DesignAccording to Herzberg, two factor theory, one of situation matches with the one theory among twoi.e hygiene and motivators, which is hygiene factors. These methods should help in to enrol in decision making.Herzbergs vertical theory has two sidesDissatisfaction and 2. Extreme satisfaction with the environment, job and the work place. Like wise, the workers at Technocraft also faced the utmost(prenominal) dissatisfaction towards their job and relationship with supervisor was worse. Organization failed to provide adequate hygiene factors which as results, high level of conflict, absenteeism, labor turnover and low usual morale was emerged.5.5 RewardsThere is a difference in the distribution of rewards and the people differ due to the perception. The first is to discover the activities of the shopfloor staff.If there are specific objectives then Management must give response or feedback for the work done. D uring the productivity drive, George established a program called employee- morale boosting and the program succeeded. Thus, he promised to the employees that they would be rewarded for their efforts but the employees were distressed because there was no bonus recompense except few t-shirts with the company logo. As a result, many of the employees resigned and this was the problem aroused in Technocraft which is labor turnover.it also can be compared with goal setting theory of locke. He firstly concentrated on objectives and he doesnt give the rewards.By the behavior of George what we can draw the outline is that he was in lack of morale, unsuitable in the post and the harsh leader.6.0 cobblers lastIn every change effort and programme someone loses or gains. Attention should be pursued for all gainers and losers as well. All change processes and program requires whole -hearted organization, commitment, support with adequate level of resource and time. They let out issue for orga nization to adopt attitudes of flexibility, dynamism, responsiveness and positiveness and the drive is to maximize output and change in resource. So, I have compared this company Technocraft in many different theories.Likewise, in Technocraft, power is ultimately in the hand of single person. Chairman appreciates and consults with the problem of the company. A well planned theme that has been drawn up is loyalty and dedication by the employees and the autocracy by the top level of management.Above all, the role of managers and supervisors must change from the mathematical operation of systems and procedures to the development of expertise skills, knowledge and qualities in their people.

Education for Sustainable Development Essay -- Education

Sustainability failment has three components environment, society, and economy. If you consider the three to be overlapping circles of the same size, the atomic number 18a of overlap in the center is homo well-being. As the environment, society, and economy become more aligned, the area of overlap increases, and so does human well-being. Therefore, education for sustainable increment (ESD) is the use of education as a tool to achieve sustainability. Simply put, ESD is a way to charter the world a safer, healthier, and more livable place for us and prospective generations (McKeown, 2002, pgs 7-9).PopulationChildren in hits 3 through 5 are abject from discloseing to read to reading to encounter and from learning to frame to composing to communicate. Students learn to work independently. They learn to read words and conciliate mental pictures. Third through fifth graders also learn to write paragraphs, short essays and stories that make a point. The curriculum becom es more integrated. Reading to learn helps third through fifth graders better understand the scientific order and how to test hypotheses about the physical world. Additionally, reading to learn aids students in graphing and calculating scientific observations and then writing up their conclusions. Third grade science class will open new worlds of wonder and call for curious mind to explore (Williams, 2012).Children in grades 3-5 are highly social. They learn more about values and respect. Students are also encouraged to develop their written communication skills via diaries, journals, or short stories. They work quickly and gather in a limited attention span. Third through fifth graders are very competitive. This age group works well in sensitive groups or with partners. The... ...e&_&ERICExtSearch_SearchValue_0=EJ774626&ERICExtSearch_SearchType_0=no&accno=EJ774626.EPA. (n.d.). What is Sustainability? Retrieved may 9, 2012, fromhttp//www.epa.gov/sustainability/basicinf o.htm.Macnagthen, P. & Jacobs, M. (1998). Public identification with sustainable developmentInvestigating cultural barriers to participation, Global Environmental Change, 7(1) 5-24.Retrieved May 13, 2012, fromhttp//www.sciencedirect.com/science/ name/pii/S0959378096000234.Lange, J.M. (2012). bringing up in Sustainable Development How Can Science EducationContribute to the Vulnerability Perception?, Research in Science Education, 42(1) 109-127. Retrieved May 13, 2012, fromhttp//web.ebscohost.com.lib.kaplan.edu/ehost/detail?sid=1eb64274-ccca-4b62-b915-2ea35d8a0d1e%40sessionmgr15&vid=1&hid=24&bdata=JnNpdGU9ZWhvc3QtbGl2ZQ%3d%3ddb=eric&AN=EJ949568.

Sophocles Antigone †Comparing the Symbolic Alignment Utilized by Creo

Sophocles Antigone Comparing the Symbolic conjugation Utilized by Creon and chairwoman George Bush... he who has not runner laid his foundations may be able with great ability to fructify them afterwards, hardly they will be laid with trouble to the architect and risk of exposure to the building. - The Prince by Machiavelli Sophocles addresses this very problem in his play Antigone by the methods Creon uses to reign Thebes. Creon begins ruling Thebes in a very difficult time and circumstance. The polis has been embroil in tragedy for over a generation. Creon must rule the urban center and consolidate the Theban citizens behind him. He resorts to symbolic means to unify the people, but he goes too far-- he is unyielding in his esteem to the symbolic indemnity he adopts, and too late becomes aware that he is actually losing the people he tries to lead.Creon capitalizes on recent tragic events in Thebes to consolidate his power and legitimize his position. The latest war in Thebes was waged betwixt two brothers-- Eteocles and Polyneices. Polyneices, the elder brother, was to have the throne but Eteocles drove him issue by convincing the people that Polyneices carried Oedipus curse. Polyneices went to Argos and raised an army, then returned in mark to drive Eteocles out and retake control of Thebes (Oedipus at Colonus 1532-5). In the result battle, the brothers killed each other-- they worked out their share in common death (Antigone 162). Their fight is over. Polyneices army has returned to Argos, leaving the kingship of Thebes to Creon.Creon has just come to power in a city that has had more than its share of grief King Laius was murdered, then the Sphynx and a plague tormented the polis with death. Next, Oedipus discovered his own crime... ...e question is not grotesque the ancient Thebes, however, and it behooves us to examine Creons methods and goals in light of current events. For example, Pre brassnt Bush is currently using the tragedy of t he World Trade centerfield attacks last year to unite the American people... more importantly to unite them under his leadership. His approval ratings are sky-high, up in the 70th percentile, consort to polls by Gallup, CNN, USAToday, Fox, the Christian Science Monitor, Time, and others (http//www.pollingreport.com/BushFav.htm). By making his policy one of Good vs. Evil, he has polarized the conflict, and who wouldnt want to be on the side of the Good? This method is not inherently wrong or bad, but with it come many caveats, as Creon discovered, and as Machiavelli warns. Symbols can be useful tools, but like any good tool, they can be self-destructive if used without care.

Offensive Lyrics Essay -- Music Censorship Essays

disgustful Lyrics Intro Ben, a child no more than the age of eight, adores his of age(p) comrade James. James is in his mid-teens and is a huge fan of intercept music. One of his favorites is Eminem. Ben, wanting to be as much like his buddy as possible, does e rattlingthing to become a complete copy of James. Ben dresses like him, take the same food as he does, and even tries to mimic the substance he walks. Ben even tries to find out to the same music that the older brother does. He asks his mom to buy one of the CDs that James has. His mother objects by telling him that the music that his brother listens to is not appropriate for someone his age. Ben, not penetrative the meaning of what his mother says dismisses her comment and heads home with the intent to resolve to listen to the CD of James that his mother refused to buy him. After the auto ride home Ben anxiously sneaks up the stairs to sample a clip of his brothers collection. Ben turns on the CD and is immediately bombarded with a barrage of swearing, sexually explicit references, racial and homosexual slurs. Not knowing any kick downstairs the boy, so excited to have been able to listen to music like his big brother, goes downstairs and repeats some of the words to his mother. In turn she explodes and sends Ben to his room where he sits not knowing what he did wrong. The next day Ben goes to school and repeats those same words to his classmates and teachers and proceeds to get himself expelled. altogether of this is due to the content of his big brothers music. Although this is an antidote it is very possible that something like this could happen or has already happened. Inappropriate lyrics indispensability to be either completely eliminated from artists songs or they need to be better censored by the... ... Biography. accessible online http//www.davidallancoe.com/bio/html (accessed October 24, 2002) Eminem Web (2000). Main Biography. on hand(predicate) online htt p//www.eminemweb.com/bio.html (accessed October 25, 2002) Eminem World. Biography. Available online http//www.eminemworld.com/bio.html (accessed October 25, 2002) Taylor, P. Lawmakers, Citizen Group Step up Efforts to Monitor Entertainment Industry. Available online http//www.feedomforum.org/pakcages/first/ratinggame/part1.html (accessed October 27, 2002) Veinotte International. Ozzy Biography. Available online http//www.veinotte.com/ozzy/madness.html (accessed October 25, 2002) Wiederhorn, J. (2002). Sex, Violence, Cursing Explicit Lyrics Stickers Get Explicit. June 3, 2002. Available online http//www.mtv.com/ news show/articles/1454956/20020603/may_lady.jhtml (accessed October 17, 2002)