Competition Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Competition - Term Paper ExampleThe market price in a correct aspiration is determined by the market forces that is to say, the demand and supply of the products. The features of entire competition ar as follows,There are a large number of buyers and sellers in a holy competitive market that neither a single buyer nor a single seller throw out influence the price. The price is determined by the market forces namely the demand for the supply of the products. Thus the sellers in the perfectly competitive market are price takers and quantity adjusters.The products produced by all the firms in a perfectly competitive market must be homogenous and identical in all consider i.e. the products in the market are same in quantity, size, taste etc. The products of different firms are perfect substitutes and the cross elasticity is infinite.Both the buyers and the sellers are fully aware of he current price in the market. Therefore the buyer allow for not offer higher price and the sell ers will not borrow a price less than the one which is prevailing in the market.There must be round out freedom for the entry of new firms or the exit of the existing firms from the industry. In times of profits, new firms will enter into the markets and in time of loss the existing firms will leave the industry.In a perfect competition it is assumed that there are no transportation costs. Because in perfect competition, a commodity is sold at same price throughout the market. So if transportation costs are incurred firms adpressed to the market will charge a lesser price than the firms far away. So, it is assumed that there are no transportation costs.Under perfect competition price is determined by the market forces namely the demand for and supply of the commodities. Hence there is uniform price in the market. As a progeny the average revenue is perfectly elastic. The AR curve is horizontally parallel to x-axis. Since the average revenue is

Energy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Energy - leaven ExampleThe major difference between renewable aught and unrenewable energy is the ability of renewable energy to renew. For example, wind energy is a renewable energy source which will be open in this world as long as this world remains in its present state. On the other hand same thing cannot be said about nonrenewable energy. For example, oil or natural gas energy sources be exhausting day by day and it is not replaced by any of the natural means.Because of the nonrenewable nature of nonrenewable energy, this energy source is going to lose its importee in near time to come or 50 years from now. Renewable energy sources will imbibe prominence in near future itself. Moreover, nonrenewable energy sources are causing severe environmental problems like air pollution, water pollution, global heat, climate changes etc and therefore it is difficult to rely on nonrenewable energy sources further. For example, Air pollution, thermal pollution, land devastation, groundw ater pollution, acidification of streams and rivers, erosion, subsidence of land caused by underground mines, hazards to miners, and, of course, global warming are all recognized as part and parcel of coals utilization (Smith, 2009, p.162). On the other hand renewable energies such as wind energy, tidal energy, solar energy etc are causing little or no damage to the environment.In my opinion, solar energy seems to be the future energy source. The major advantage of solar energy is the less environmental problems it can generate and its spacious nature. Solar energy reaches every part of the earth 12 hours per day. If we can develop technologies feasible for the development of solar energy, we need not be worried too much about the energy crisis in future. The major problem associated with the exploitation of solar energy is the lack of feasible technologies to convert solar energy into other forms of energy. Since solar energy is available only in day time, it is necessary to

Madagascar Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Madagascar - probe ExampleThe population of Madagascar in 2012 was 22,293,914 (Madagascar-Population). Food in Madagascar comprises rice as an essential element. The national pocketbook of Madagascar is Ramazava which is made with mixed greens and beef sauted with onion, tomato, and ginger. Although Malagasy food is reasonably spicy for the most part, even so Piri-Piri is an extremely spicy pepper paste commonly used in Malagasy food (Madagascar Food).Ancestors in the Madagascar society remained united and were against segregation. Forming a wonderful amalgamation of language, religion, and tradition, these ancestors set the pattern of modern culture in Madagascar. The contemporary society of Madagascar is a fine blend of modernism and traditionalism. Malagasy is the main language spoken in Madagascar and the origin of this language is linked with Maanyan that is the language of South Eastern Borneo (Society and Culture).Cargo boats atomic number 18 the main transport means on th e northeast chute of Madagascar. They are not very right means of transport particularly when they are overloaded. Boat travel is unsafe on the east coast specially during the rainy season. International Driving Permit (IDP) is required to drive car or bike in Madagascar. MadaBus is a long-distance bus company that operates on Tamatave and Toliar routes (Getting around).Formal bringing up appeared in Madagascar in the modern sense for the first time in 1820 when a school was realised in Antananarivo by the missionary David J angiotensin converting enzymes from the London Missionary Society (Education in Madagascar). Madagascar is one of the poorest countries of the world in spite of its cultural and biological richness mainly because of economic colonialism, kleptocractic rule, neediness of infrastructure, and lack of adequate educational system (Why is

Birth Trauma Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Birth Trauma - Essay ExampleThe phenomenon of interest suffices to shape the elaborate or the way the study advances which isnt directly mentioned in the study. The philosophical underpinnings of the research described in the article are irrational striving to prove that acquit trauma is an illusion on behalf of the sufferer.The standpoint here(predicate) is that on an average, of all the studies mentioned in the article but Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) was ascertained which 25 % of the eligible mothers were suffering from. The concept of birth trauma is vastly seen as routine and tractability of opinions is none whatsoever. Hence, it is of concern to find out the hidden meaning and experiences not of PTSD but of birth trauma. Whilst, the research on birth trauma does not consider nursing to have whatever transaction on it though it does contribute to it one way or another.The method put ond was through with(predicate) a research centre which was compatible concei vably not to a great extent, when considering the amount of women who participated in the study. The plainly requirement was to narrate the experience of going through birth trauma. This was not enough because the reasons for the occurring of trauma were not identified. The years from the occurrence of birth trauma were in some cases more than a decade ago. Therefore, manifest parts may have been forgotten or altered in the memory especially if any feelings of resentments werent addressed in all that time.Sampling Selection of participants was straightforward with a few basic requirements. The use of purposive sampling showed that the criterion for participating was simply based on mothers who have gone through birth trauma. Purposive sampling is used to prove a particular point, which was suitable for the research world carried out as it can be easily approached to a group of people, though it is subject to error. Thus, help in increasing the outlook on the experiences. While th e chosen informants were suitable for the research, in a sense, that they were mark to reveal their personal experiences. Human Subject ProtectionThere was no mention of protection of adult male just a personal experience of the implications of birth trauma on their lives. Though the words quoted in the article were anonymous for protection of the mothers. Moreover, there was no such need for security of the participants as the phenomenon was only used to draft the results. Data Collection The collection of information was largely and solely focused on the human experience of the trauma through emails containing stories. Almost all the data was collected through the net income which took a maximum of one and a half year. Whereas, spent six months were spent in extracting the of import information from the accounts data saturation or redundancy.Data Analysis The strategies used were do illustrative by arranging them into themes of four groups relevant to the experiences and aut henticated with the candidates. Authentication guaranteed the absence of any factual error made intentionally or unintentionally in the data analyzed. The analysis of the data was straightforward and unambiguous as general or common feelings were taken into account enhancing the significance of the experience. Credibility of the information or data received, from the

Image and Mask Ideas in Yeatss William Butler Work Essay

realize and Mask Ideas in Yeatss William Butler Work - Es understand ExampleShe agreed that in return for the dexterity to control her own life, the Devil could have her soul ( well-fixed Dawn date unknown). Yeats Was to remain infatuated with her for most, if not all of his life and who was also to a certain extent influenced by her nationalistic outlook (NLI, 2006, page 1), a complex relationship that informed some of his greatest poetry, although it remained unrequited. She repeatedly refexercisingd Yeats proposals merely even later on she married, Yeats waited until 1917 before he married Georgie Hyde-Lees, a partnership made strangely happy by Georgies automatic writings When the almost illegible writing had first appeared, Yeats found it so exciting that he offered he said to spend what remained of life explaining his slew preoccupied him until the day that he died (Wilson, 1999, page 225). Only a few years after their marriage, Yeats became a Senator within the Irish Fre e State (1922), and was awarded the Nobel Prize for Literature (1923), although he had previously refused a British Knighthood he was still writing poetry until his death in 1939.Yeats was a polymath with a wide form of interests a recent editor of his work describes him as a Playwright, literary journalist, critic, editor, public speaker, student and record-keeper of oral tradition, genuine and independent investigator of the Occult, mythologist and mythmaker (Webb in Yeats, 2000, page XIV). As a man haunt with the concepts of masks and performance, it should not be surprising that he adopted so many guises as well as literary leanings Yeats also used a number of personas in his poetry, masks or identities behind which he could say what he chose, and not be ridiculed for it. His creative role was not merely to be a representative for Irish nationalism, or an occult movement, or resurgence in interest in Celtic mythology, but to be the creator that takes on the masks of ancient myt hs in order to give voice to a fellowship Celtic revivalists like W.B.Yeats and Douglas Hydedeliberately set about searching out Irelands ancient past to create a sense of identity and self-respect for the Irish peoplethey were determined to establishnational pride by quest out the origins of Irish Civilization(McCaffrey and Eaton, 2002)This essay leave attempt to study the role of Masks and Imagery in the works of W.B.Yeats. Looking first at the way in which Yeats ideas of Image developed from his experiences in the comfortable Dawn and other esoteric groups, and considering how this is reflected in his work, the essay will then look at how his use of the Mask reflects some of Yeats ideas of the self, and whether The doctrine of the Mask is so complex and so central in Yeats that we sack hardly attend to it too closely (Splittgerber, 2005). The essay will then return to consider the connections amidst the mask and the image in Yeats work, and whether these are as closely conn ected as proposed. The conclusion will then draw these ideas together to provide a solution to Yeats use of such symbols in both(prenominal) his prose and poetical works. Yeats and ImageryYeats spent a number of years as a member of The Golden Dawn significantly, this magical order emphasized use of the Tarot

Global warming Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 2

Global warming - Research Paper ExampleWhile considering centre of attentions entire lifecycle, a meat eater is said to contribute to 1.5 tons more(prenominal) babys room gunmanes per year compared to a vegetarian. This fact has been revealed by a study conducted by the University of Chicago (Michael, 2009). By contrast, changing to a hybrid Toyota Prius from a Toyota Camry is expected to help humans get rid of one ton of greenhouse gases per year (Michael, 2009). Global meat production is increasing every year. This is found to be adding more globular warming gases. Therefore it is said that one of the easiest ways to decrease the collective greenhouse gas emissions is to consume less meat. Similarly every human activity is blamed to be causing ball-shaped warming. These findings appear to be amusing when we properly understand the nature of the process, global warming. Global warming is believed to be primarily caused by carbon dioxide emitted into aviation through the use of fossil fuels in vehicles. However we swallow that natural water cycle is causing much more carbon-dioxide to come in and out of the atmosphere. even off though we cannot deny that human activities are contributing to warming of earth, it would be wrong to comment that global warming is all human-made. Some of the causes of global warming are in the arctic region. The polar applesauce caps melt faster than they get evaporated. This process would be reversed in ten to twenty age. gentlemans gentleman activities are causing less than three percent of greenhouse gas release into the atmosphere. Average populace temperature is gradually increasing this process is happening in the last one million years. This is long bear the human activities started on earth. Global warming has been happening long back industries started emitting greenhouse gases into the atmosphere. We are of the popular opinion that carbon dioxide released into the atmosphere today will negatively affect h uman beings several hundred years later. This is however not true. The lifespan of carbon dioxide is only 20 years. After 20 years, the emitted carbon dioxide would completely disappear from atmosphere. Sun has little role in heating the atmosphere. The high frequency radiation of insolate does not heat atmosphere. Hot bodies like sun cannot release low frequency radiation called infrared radiation radiation. Rather, the heat from the sun heats the earths surface. This process reduces the radiation to infrared. Heat moves into the atmosphere by opposite processes like conduction, convection and evaporation. The infrared radiation gets absorbed by carbon dioxide. Instead, the suns rays heats the Earths surface, this weakens the radiation to infrared. From there it moves in to the earths atmosphere by any means undeniable (Conduction, convection, evaporation). Then the inferred radiation is absorbed by the CO2. Almost 97 percent of the heat in the atmosphere is caused by evaporati on or convection. Greenhouse gases are not responsible for this warming of atmosphere (Mintzer, 1992). The climatical changes of these ages are negligible compared to the climatic changes of the ancient periods (Mintzer, 1992) (Mike, 2006). irrigate evaporation is the chief cause of global warming. Water evaporation is causing global warming 100 times more than carbon dioxide emission (Mike, 2006). pitying activities

Securing a Crime Scene Paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Securing a Crime scenery Paper - demonstrate ExampleUltimately, the importance of maintaining a contamination-free crime zones and one that is not meddled with has a profound impact with revere to the equity of the entire justice system (Lehmann et al., 2013). Due to the fact that an individual is generally charged with a crime based upon the evidence that exists at one given time, the ability to go back and call evidenced in the past is not al representations readily available (Aquila et al., 2014). As such, the strength of the pursuance and the overall equity of the criminal justice system rests upon the ability of stakeholders to derive useful inference from a pristine crime scene that was left just as it was left by the individual creditworthy for committing it. Within this frame of understanding, the consequence of the contaminated crime scene relates to a situation in which scientific inquiry, police investigation, and jurisprudence is potentially led astray to understand a faulty representation of the way in which events and situations actually transpired (Vivona, 2014)Aquila, I., Ausania, F., Di Nunzio, C., Serra, A., Boca, S., Capelli, A., & ... Ricci, P. (2014). The Role of Contamination in Crime Scene Investigation Case root and Review of Literature.Journal Of Forensic Sciences (Wiley-Blackwell),59(3), 820-824. doi10.1111/1556-4029.12401Balemba, S., Beauregard, E., & Martineau, M. (2014). Getting away with murder a thematic surface to solved and unsolved homicides using crime scene factors.Police Practice & Research,15(3), 221-233. doi10.1080/15614263.2013.846548Lehmann, R. B., Goodwill, A. M., Gallasch-Nemitz, F., Biedermann, J., & Dahle, K. (2013). Applying Crime Scene Analysis to the Prediction of Contamination.Law & Human Behavior (American Psychological Association),37(4), 241-254.

Understanding the relationship between The banking sector and money Research Paper

Understanding the relationship between The banking sector and money laundering - Research Paper showcaseThe annotated bibliography provide enable me establish validity of the explore, consider multiple perspectives and viewpoints of numerous authors and gain more basis information on the topic of study. The annotated bibliography will also follow the appropriate citation style (Oliver, 2010).My research strategy for locating resources for my portfolio project while entail using information technology resources in the program library such as computers to search for research databases on numerous authors who have studied the topic in order to get more background information (Oliver, 2010). I will be able to comparing mingled sources in order to establish the relevancy and validity of their findings in my portfolio project. I will studious sources such as published books and peer reviewed journals that offer credible background information on various subjects of study (Oliver, 2 010).The determining factors that will influence my decision include the relevancy of the source, the validity of the content and concord of the information contained in the source (Oliver, 2010). I will also look at the credibility of the authors, the publishers and objectivity of facts presented by the author. I will also ensure the source ideas and findings atomic number 18 collaborated by other authors and ideas are logical according to the background information of my annotated bibliography (Oliver, 2010).My strategy has not changed since I will prepare an annotated bibliography that will guide me while writing the portfolio project. I will summarize the main sources, assess their relevancy to my topic, and muse on their importance to my portfolio project (Oliver, 2010).I will seek help from the college writing center and my lecturers on how to arrange my ideas in a logical manner and different aspects that should be incorporated in the portfolio project. I will consult my l ecturer on the difficult aspects of the project such

Beuaty Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Beuaty - render ExampleWhats interesting is that in this song, Shakespe be doesnt glorify the beauty of the mistress or anything remotely affiliated by using elaborate metaphor. He doesnt make any comparisons with his love for Venus either. He reflects on the ordinary beauty and the humanity associated with a mortal in his love. He feels that the aforementioned attributes are very important. He makes a deliberate attempt to use those typical metaphors of love poetry in the opposite context. (TimeOut)On the other hand the poem Beauty by Tony Hoagland is the poets look of his child and her obsession with meeting some arbitrary standard of beauty. The poet explains how the medicines that she was taking were adversely affecting her natural beauty. He feels that she carries with herself the burden of looking beautiful. The poet reflects on the concept of beautiful musingly. He is bewildered with those women who are obsessed with sort and attractiveness and have it on their mind alwa ys. He draws a contrast between what his sister was sack through with the beauty of nature during spring time.Later on when she finally gives up on the cerebration of trying to look beautiful or reach that arbitrary standard of beauty, she feels a lot more than relieved and free. He feels that even the new found freedom is beautiful too in its induce right. In a gist the poem implies that we often get too caught up reaching a certain standard of beauty and once that effort relinquishes or becomes a burden, it is wiser to let go of it.both the poems depict a very practical account of beauty perception today. While Shakespeares poem is a sonnet in which he claims his love for a dun mistress to be beneficial as extra-ordinary as it could have been for any other goddess who is better than her, Tonys poem is a reflection of womens race to look beautiful and then how they finally find solace from it. While Shakespeares poem reflects on the traits of his

The Increased Need for Digital Forensics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

The Increased Need for Digital Forensics - Essay Examplees, in particular cyber horror, there has been a heightened demand for digital forensic professionals to support law enforcement and judicial systems at entirely levels in order to prosecute these crimes successfully.Digital forensics, according to the Bureau of Labor Statistics, is a specialized toffee-nosed detective who examines various items of technology in the pursuit of locating evidence related to a sorry act (Tucker, 9). Digital forensics are also utilized in the business world as a means to provide solutions to certain business issues, however digital forensics for business is far less everyday than in criminal analysis. Digital forensics requires the technician to examine devices such as the PDA, laptop or cellular telephone in the pursuit of various digital clues which lead to either support or refute claims of venture criminal activity. A digital forensic scientist, searching the digital contents of a estim ator pressman, would tactile property for potential evidence such as time and date stamps, images still retrievable on the printers paper roller, or even the specific cyberspace identity of the printer if it was, indeed, attached to an online network (Ashcroft, 18). If the owner of this hypothetical printer was alleged to have been involved in a child soot ring, as one example, residual ink images left on the roller or various computer files buried in the printers hard disk might indicate whether a given(p) alibi is valid or whether the individual has actually been distributing sexually explicit, youth materials.The personal computer and the laptop provide a myriad of potential forensic evidence in the event that a crime has been perpetrated. In this situation, forensic experts examine personal email, image/graphics files, calendars, address books and document files (Ashcroft, 10) as a means to find out whether the individual (or group) can be linked to the criminal behavior. Co mputer-created files, such as cookies, back-up files, temporary files and hidden files

Mad Cow Disease Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Mad Cow Disease - Case Study Example(see figure below). previous information indicates that this most recent mad cow disease event occurred in a13 year old beef intimidate from Alberta. Thus, this animal was born before the implementation of Canadas 1997 feed ban, Further elaborating that, Through 2007, BSE surveillance has set 15 cases in North America three BSE cases in the United States and 12 in Canada. Of the three cases identified in the United States, one was born in Canada of the 12 cases identified in Canada, one was import from the United Kingdom (see figure above). Assuming that the proportions of animals sampled that were found to have BSE in addition reflect each countrys BSE prevalence, the surveillance data indicate that the prevalence of BSE in Canada is easy over 20-fold higher than that in the United States (see BSE Prevalence below). (CDC p.1). The following is a graph obtained from the CDCs webpage of those squeeze within North America.The initiatory know n case of BSE in the United States was identified in December 2003. On December 23, 2003, the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) proclaimed a presumptive diagnosis of BSE in an adult Holstein cow from Washington State. This diagnosis was confirmed by an international reference lab in Weybridge, England, on December 25. Preliminary trace-back based on an ear-tag identification number suggested that the BSE-infected cow was imported into the United States from Canada in August 2001. The preliminary trace-back identification of the animal was later confirmed by catching testing.On June 24, 2005, the U.S. Department of Agriculture announced receipt of final offsprings from The Veterinary Laboratories Agency in Weybridge, England, cocksure BSE in a cow that had conflicting test results in 2004. This cow was from Texas and represented the first endemic case of BSE in the United States.On March 13, 2006, the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) announced the confirmation of bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) in a cow in Alabama. The newly confirmed case was identified in a non-ambulatory (downer) cow on a farm in Alabama. The animal was euthanized by a local veterinarian and buried on the farm. The age of the cow was estimated by examination of the odontiasis as 10-years-old. It had no ear tags or distinctive marks the herd of origin could not be identified despite an intense investigation (see Alabama BSE Investigation, Final Epidemiology Report, May 2006 PDF - 105 KB).(CDC p.1). accounting (B)Mad cow disease spread widely among the cattle herds of England in the 1990s because awe were fed gussy up meal prepared from cattle carcasses to increase the protein content of their diet. Like the Fore, the British cattle were literally have the tissue of cattle that had died of the disease, (Johnson p.677). Even earlier than that, Research indicates that the first probable infections of BSE in cows occurred during the 1970s with two cases of BSE being ident ified in 1986. BSE possibly originated as a result of feeding cattle meat-and-bone meal that contained scrapie-infected sheep products. Scrapie is a prion disease of sheep. There is strong evidence and general arranging

Human impact on the natural enviornment Research Paper

Human contact on the natural enviornment - Research Paper recitationPeople for instance need timber for building and for fuel, but obtaining it means cutting down trees that be an important aspect of the natural surround. In view of this, the purpose of this paper is to explore the actual gentle impact on the natural environment. Human impact on vegetation Human reality has a significant impact on plant career. Since the pre-historic times, humankind beings have greatly relied on plant life for food, shelter and clothing among other uses. With rapid urbanization and the growth of populations, green patches have shrunk to alarming levels, therefore requiring a re-evaluation of the interactions between humans and the natural vegetation. Human beings impact the vegetation in various ways. about of the disruptions to the natural vegetation are abscond, deforestation for building materials and cultivation of land. Human beings have used fire since pre-historic times. Fire was an important resource for various reasons such as protection from wild animals at night, communication, glade forests and in war. Similarly, the impact of fire on the natural environment has been immense. Fires may be caused by human beings or they may occur naturally. Natural fires may be as a result of cheer strikes, sliding rocks and land slides. They may also result from spontaneous combustion, which is the accumulation of heat as a result of thick, compacted and rotten plants (Goudie 26). The effects of fire on the environment depend on its scope, duration and warmth. The nature of fire will determine the extent of the destruction it causes. While close to only affect reasonableness vegetation, others will burn out whole forests (Goudie 27). The impact of fire on the vegetation is sometimes positive. The existence of some landscapes on earth such as tropical savannas, medium latitude savannas and grasslands is attributed fires. In some instances, fires are believed to help in the germination of dormant seeds, whereby once a fire burns out, seeds that were manufacture dormant in the soil start germinating naturally (Goudie 29). At the same time, some plants have make adapted to fire as it facilitates their germination and decomposition. Some areas which are prone to fires actually show greater diversity in terms of different species thus enhancing the stability of the natural environment (Goudie 30). Human impact on pee Water is an important element of the natural environment. One of its key roles in the environment is the recycling of different substances. As a solvent, it carries suspended materials as it guides through and into the earths surface. set up of human beings on water areas include the direct pollution of water resources, through directing noxious wastes into water bodies. The cutting down of trees also impacts water resources, as it leads to increased down stream flow by decreasing evaporation and transpiration. Trees, through thei r own transpiration process increase evaporation, which then turns into precipitation on encountering cold air. As a result, cutting down trees reduces the chances of precipitation, which in turn affects the amount of water ready(prenominal) to flowing streams (Haigh and Krecek 2). Human activities such as clearing of forests and plowing of grasslands change the rate at which water and streams flow and the level water infiltration (Meyer 172). Other human activities that affect water include irrigation, which lowers the intensity and volume of

Management - Group Effectiveness Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Management - gathering Effectiveness - Essay ExampleThis musical theme aims at exploring various dimensions of team effectiveness and strategies. An example of a flub functional team entrust also be discussed to build a clear understanding of issues and problems in building effective teams from a practical approach. Formation of Group Formation of the free radical is the first and the most fundamental part of gathering effectiveness. The selection of the right size and the right members is of vital importance for the success of any group. My group was form when my organization decided to launch a new product. It was line extension. My organization formed a cross functional team. Group members were selected from different departments according to the requirements of the project. My group consisted of eight employees from three different departments of the organization i.e. procurance and supply chain, production and marketing. The project or task of the group was the successfu l launch of the product. Like each(prenominal) work groups my group also passed through the four stages of group development after formation to wit vulgar acceptance, decision making, motivation and commitment, and control and sanction. When a group passes through these stages, a successful group becomes a mature group. According to the group development model any group has three major(ip) issues i.e. interpersonal issues, task issues, and authority issues. Group effectiveness can be increased by pickings care of these three issues. The interpersonal issues include aspects like trust, personal comfort and security. The task issues include purpose of the group, what the group wants to achieve i.e. the expected outcomes and the methods utilized to achieve those outcomes. The authority issue deals with the hierarchy of power and government agency definition of every member in the group along with the chain of command. A clear and unequivocal definition of these issues helps improv es effectiveness of the group (Debra L. Nelson, 2011). Group Effectiveness There are various external and inborn factors that are responsible for group effectiveness. It includes group size, time, diversity in group in terms of gender, age, assimilation and interpersonal diversity, group cohesion, norms of the group etc. Our group had all these factors. There are many characteristics of a successful group such as an effective open intercourse possible through a relaxed, comfortable and informal atmosphere. The group task which was in our case was the successful launch of the product in the predetermined time lines, must be clear to all group members. Group members are non able to hold task open discussions about task related goals but are groovy to listen to one another. Group cohesion and communication is so strong that people express two their feelings and ideas. Conflicts do happen as a healthy sign but they revolve around task, methods and ideas and not personalities. The group has a good understanding and is aware and conscious of its functions. Decisions are taken through mutual consensus. Group assigns clear duties to each member with their consent. My group has all these characteristics of an effective group (Jane Goodman, 2006). Effective Group Communication The study of group dynamics in various theories and research revealed that enhancing group effectiveness requires multifactorial skills, techniques and knowledge that creates choices, opportunities and success not only for the group but for the individual as well. Effective communication was identified as an effective tool in

Business negotiations in Japan Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Business negotiations in Japan - Coursework ExampleWhen negotiating, it is important to recognize that Japanese do not understand English hence using it will hamper the success of the negotiations. The closely wield augmentation where logic, dogma, and emotions are combined. They talk around a subject to obtain a holistic view earlier than going the straightforward American style. Additionally, Japanese perceive the face to be a mark of private dignity and portrays ones status among peers. As much(prenominal), they will always expect that a foreigner always strive to uphold their face and not to turn down someones request because they believe that turning down requests leads to humiliation. They do not openly criticize and requires that one uses terms such as its under consideration or its inconvenient if they do not agree to a request. Moreover, concurrence is perceived as a key value in japan both in pedigree and family settings unlike other cultures such as American. Tone of voice, posture, and facial educeion are used to express feelings and what they hold on certain ideas. For instance, when someone frowns during a conversation, it implies disagreement.While negotiating in japan, it is important to note that greetings are ritualized and highly formal unlike in America. During negotiations, the Japanese requires that a speaker waits to be introduced rather than introducing themselves which is customary in many cultures. Observing all the aforementioned differences will ensure the effectiveness of the negotiation.Phatak, Arvind V., Rabi S. Bhagat, and Roger J. Kashlak.International precaution Managing in a Diverse and Dynamic Global Environment. Boston, MA McGraw-Hill Irwin, 2009. Web. Accessed through course E-Textbook compiled by prof Ridley

Public Administration and Apply Behaviorist Theory to a Work Issue Essay

humanity Administration and Apply Behaviorist Theory to a Work Issue - Essay Example individually of these concepts describes the change in a persons behavior and the reason for such changes. The conditioned repartee relates to an activity that results due to a different incident. The next concept of behaviorist theory is aversive behavior. (Plaud, 1998). A person might exhibit a certain kind of behavior in response to a particular situation. This might be due to the disinterest towards the situation. Reinforcement aims at controlling the negative consequences of a behavior which helps in improving a persons behavior. Consequences are one among the most significant concepts of the behaviorist theory. A consequence generally arises from a particular decision or an action. Consequences generally turn back out to be positive or negative depending on the behavior of the person. (Dewey, 1999). The situation too plays a major role in deciding the consequence of an action. These key con cepts are generally applied to approximately all the problems in varied areas. But these concepts would perfectly suit an organization that deals with more number of problems and issues related to to every single department of its. When comparing the other problems, the issue relating to the companys production. The most commonality issue is the decline in the quality of the product a company manufactures.

Nike Corporation as a corporate tyrant Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Nike Corporation as a corporate tyrant - Article ExampleA person reading the causations view that has no knowledge whatsoever of what Nike is all somewhat mind get the erroneous idea that Nike is an evil empire. This essay evaluates Nike Corporation to determine if their practices are pain in the ass or helping thespians and other stakeholders. The way the author describes Nike is a bit bias and solely establish on some isolated incidents in the past when Nike had true sweetshops in certain locations where they violated the kind-hearted rights of its workers. These events took place in the late 1990s and the connection had to pay the consequences of their actions. The bad press associated with these events hurt the companys brand image and corporate sales. Since then Nike Corporation has continued its presence in many a(prenominal) developing nations. It is true that Nike pays what would seem to an American citizen like the daily salary of an American citizen in the 1900, onl y we must consider the reality of the cost of living of many of these developing nations. One US dollar in places like the developing nation of Vietnam can probably provide three meals for an entire family during a day. In the US with a dollar you can buy one hamburger. Nike is also bringing others benefits to the Vietnamese workers and their economy in general. Workers receive benefits such as free or subsidized meals, professional devilment, stability, and educational opportunities. The state benefits when multinational corporations such as Nike penetrate their marketplace from technology transfers, additional taxing revenue, and bag improvements. The article then moves on to describe an alternative perspective of Nike based on the views of Vietnamese citizens. For the author does not agree with the perspective of the Vietnamese people. Despite that fact the author provides a good transparent description of their feelings and overall perspective about Nike. The average monthly salary of a Vietnamese worker working for Nike is $54 a month.

Kedarnath Temple in Himalayas Essay Example for Free

Kedarnath tabernacle in Himalayas EssayOne of the holiest pilgrimages for the Hindus, Kedarnath Temple Jyotirlinga is located in the picturesque milieu of Rudra Himalaya Range at a height of 12000 feet on a mountain named Kedar. Near Kedarnath is the source of the river Mandakini that joins Alakananda at Rudraprayag. This place is approximately 150 miles outside(a) from Hardwar and 132 miles north of Hrishikesh and is accessible by foot.The tabernacle at Kedarnath enshrining the Jyotirlingam of shivah opens only 6 months a year (April-November) when the sun enters the zodiac sign of Aries and it is closed when the sun enters Scorpio. The priests consequently go to Ukhimath, w present the worship of Kedareshwara is continued during the winter season.Tradition has it that when undertaking Kedarnath Yatra pilgrims first visit Yamunotri and Gangotri and bring with them the sanctum waters from the sources of the rivers Yamuna and Ganga and offer abhishekams to Kedareshwara. The tr aditional pilgrim route is Haridwar Rishikesh Devaprayag Tehri Dharasu Yamunotri Uttar Kashi Gangotri Triyugnarayan Gowrikund and Kedarnath. The alternative route to Kedar from Rishikesh is via Devprayag, Srinagar, Rudraprayag and Ukhimath. fabrication Behind Kedarnath TempleLegend goes that Nara and Narayana two incarnations of Vishnu performed severe penance in Badrikashraya of Bharat Khand, in front of a shivahlingam fashioned out of earth. rejoicing with their devotion, Lord shiva appeared in front of them and said that they may ask for a boon. Nar and Narayan requested Shiva to take up a permanent abode as a Jyotirlingam at Kedarnath so that on the whole people who worship Shiva shall be freed from their miseries.According to yet another popular legend think to Kedar Temple, Goddess Parvati worshipped Kedareshwar to unite with Shiva as Ardhanareeswarar. Besides, the Pandavas are believed to have visited this area several times. Arjuna is believed to have precipit ate here to pray to Shiva to obtain the coveted Pasupataastra. The other Pandavas are believed to have come here in search of him, where Draupadi came across the heavenly lotus Kalyana Saugandikam, and requested Bhima to bring here some more of the same. It was during his venturing out to seek these flowers that Bhima met Hanumaan.Signifi providece of Kedarnath Temple Located in the lofty Himalayas, Kedarnath Temple is one of the outperform known Shivasthalams in India and is considered to be one of the most sacred pilgrimage centers of the country. It is believed that by praying to Kedareshwar, one can get all his desires fulfilled. Importance of the shrine can be further understood from the beliefs that Upamanyu prayed to Lord Shiva in this place in Satayuga while in Dwapar, the Pandavas worshipped Lord Shiva here. Even the sacred leader Adi Sankaracharya is closely associated with Kedarnath.Structure of Kedarnath Temple Kedarnath Shrine is scenically placed amidst the lofty, s now covered mountains and grassy meadows covering the valleys. Immediately behind the synagogue is the high Keadardome peak, which can be sighted from great distances. It is believed that the tabernacle of Kedarnath was constructed by the Pandavas. At the entrance of the temple is the statue of Nandi, the divine bull of Shiva. Walls inside the temple are exquisitely carved with images. The revered Shiva Lingam housed in the temple is in the unusual pyramidal form.KedarnathKedarnath is on the deposit of the Mandakini River between Gangotri and Badrinath. As the crow flies Kedarnath is only 42km from Badrinath. Over 100,000 pilgrims come here each year. It is believed that Sankaracharya passed away here closely 820 AD. Kedareswar Siva is the presiding deity. Behind the Kedarnath temple is an impressive mountain range, with the beautiful Kedarnath Mountain (6,970m).Kedarnath TempleThis Lord Siva temple at Kedarnath is said to have been built by the Pandavas to atone for their sins procured during the Kurukshetra war. It is believed that this temple was originally constructed by the Pandavas, and the present temple was reconstructed by Sankaracharya in the 8th century. One of the 12 Siva-Jyotirlingas is in this temple. The temple is dedicated to Lord Sada Siva and is considered to be one of the major Siva temples in India.Inside the temple there is an irregular, three-faced linga, representing the hump of Lord Siva when he took the form of a bull. It is about 3m (9 ft) long, 1m (3 ft) wide, and 1.3m (4 ft) high. Pilgrims are allowed to touch the linga, perform worship, abhishek (bathe), and massage the linga with ghee. There are deities of goddess Parvati and Ganesh in front of the main communion table door. Outside the second door are Lord Krishna, the five Pandavas, their wife, Draupadi, and their mother, Kunti. In the temple is a Lakshmi-Narayana Deity, which was installed by Adi Sankaracharya.The temple faces south, which is a unique feature, as most temp les face east. This temple is very solidly built. The temple opens the first week of whitethorn and closes either the last week of October or the first week of November. May/June is the busiest time of the year. Worship of Sri Kedarnath is continued in the village of Okhimath in the winter by the priest from the Kedarnath Temple. The waiting time to enter the temple in the afternoon is about 15 minutes, otherwise if you go at 7 am the waiting time may be two hours or more.

The Articles of Confederation and the Constitution Essay Example for Free

The Articles of federation and the writing EssayQuestion From 1781 to 1789 the Articles of Confederation provided the Unites States with an sound governing. Use the documents and your knowledge of the period to evaluate this statement.Although the Articles of Confederation provided a working regimen for the United States, it was non necessarily an effectively working giving medication an effective government would be one that not only establishes control and chest, but one under which the nation flourishes. for sure the Articles set down a basic government with the idea of a democratic republic. However, the Articles of Confederation didnt get down an effective government as much as it set the basis for one. It was unable to en beat back many laws and many of those set were also unequal in operation, as un somewhat to some states as fair to others. Thus, from 1781 to 1789, the Articles of Confederation established a working, yet ineffective government, with very little control or effectiveness over exotic relations, the economy, and Hesperian lands.In hostile relations, the government set down by the Articles of Confederation had minimal, if any, control and authority over diplomatic efforts with Spain, France, Britain, and the foreign presences in America. One contributing factor to this was the thieve of an executive branch. relation back was the chief coordinating agency of any war efforts and almost every do of meaning. During a disagreement over foreign policy, the argument could possibly have lasted for weeks with no decision or compromise set, leaving the problem standing unresolved. What authority Congress did have over commerce was shown in some unfair tariffs on foreign foxiness, that consequenti onlyy affected foreign relations. There was a marked decline in the estimated commercialize of United States exports to Great Britain in those, there was a definite per capita drop Document B. There was much difficulty with diplomatic efforts with other countries.For example, while negotiating a treaty with Spain that could have tending(p) up America access to the multiple sclerosis River, the Southern states refused to go along, with the result of the treaty negotiations and the Mississippi had to be given up Document F. In America itself, Congress was unable to enforce the Treaty of Paris. There were British troop still occupying some parts of America Document D. Since Congress could not flat assemble an force, there was no way to dealwith the problem and the existing American troops were discontent with the governments failure to pay their issue Document C. Considering the state of foreign relations under the Articles of Confederation, the Louisiana Purchase wouldnt have been possible. The negotiations for the territory would have failed and Congress would have argued over the purchase of land long after the offer would have been voided. The difficulties in foreign relations were too much for the governm ent set by the Articles of Confederation to be considered effective.The economy, like foreign relations, worked virtually in complete independence from Congress and the Articles of the Confederation. Congress had little authority over and abilities of directly taxing the people and regulating commerce. Being the central institution of national authority Congress infallible the power to control factors that influence the economy which they didnt. The foreign relations of America affected the foreign trade of America. The foreign relations were in a dystopian. As a result, the foreign trade of America was in as sorry a state of affairs.There was a marked decline in the estimated market of United States exports to Great Britain and in those that did exist was a definite per capita drop Document B. When Congress did have the authority to impose a tariff, it was often unequal in operation and unfair to some states while favoring others Document A. The government set by the Articles of the Confederation experienced many difficulties with control and authority over an economy that did not prosper under the Articles.The western lands of the Articles United States were under very little American control. First of all, Although the western lands were turned over to the national government and then sold, they werent well controlled. Many of these lands were already predominantly dwell by Native Americans. Congress lacked the ability to directly assemble an army, yet a fighting force was almost necessary to opposing the British still in America after the Treaty of Paris. An army would also have quelled raiding and rebelling Indians in the West, and also raiding from over the border of Spanish Florida. In negotiations over the western border of the US, there was much arguing among Congress between Yankee and southern state representativesDocument F. While negotiating a treaty with Spain that could have given America access to the Mississippi River, the Southern states refused to go along, so the treaty negotiations and the Mississippi had to be given up.The Articles of Confederation didnt establish an effective government they not only established little control, but the nation didnt flourish. The failure of this government is manifest in the state of foreign relations, the economy, and western lands from 1781 to 1789. The clear failure can also be seen in the call for revision of the Articles Documents G, H. Things were going wrong and they needed to change. Although the call was originally just for revision, it resulted in a new document, the Constitution. Although the Articles set down a basic government with the idea of a democratic republic, thats all it had the idea. The basis set for an effective democratic republic was embellished and made to succeed in the Constitution. This demonstrated that the Articles government wasnt completely flawed, but it certainly wasnt effective.

Intelligence Agencies and Just War on Terrorism Essay Example for Free

lore Agencies and Just War on Terrorism Essaythe States and its allies face world that has become much and more than dangerous with its weapons of mass destruction and umbrageous world of terrorists more than willing to use them. The wisdom of the past does not squander the prescience or universal insight to deal with this new threat. America and its allies must change direction if they manage to respond to the challenge in an effective manner, steady if it means employing policies that seemed dubious in the past. The state is called to comfort its citizens in Machiavellian world, filled with depravity and compromise. The church is called to submit to the superior wisdom of those who have the superfluous news program information, experience and expertise to handle the current crisis. Our forefathers came from Europe to settle in wilderness that was not unendingly hospitable. Death was imminent, and survival was top almost on all their dispositions. The settlement in Jamestown, after the death of Powhatan, suffered an unprovoked attack at the hands of the Native Americans in 1622, in which some 375 settlers were massacred.The immediate response was to rat perfidious treaty with the natives and then starve them by burning their crops late that summer. It was matter of survival. It was either us or them. (Amit 2003 127) The same policy was followed by the Puritans of Massachusetts when the Pequot Indians, most contend-like people, placeed an imminent threat in the mind of these settlers. Rather than wait around to die, they proceeded to attack them first, killing in one horrific conflagration of Pequot fort some 4oo men, women and children.The exact motives behind the massacre remain unclear, but no doubt survival was uppermost in their minds. Today the situation that confronts the American people is not so different. It is similar to that of their ancestors in numerous ways and direr in regard to the number of lives at stake. one ca n debate whether the times have waxed worse and worse, but it is beyond question that the times have proved more and more critical with their weapons of mass destruction (WMD) and the ever-increasing number of potential users.The nation of Israel felt this threat in 1981 when it conducted pre-emptive strike against an Iraqi nuclear reactor. The United States roundly condemned the action at the time, but with the threat immediately facing them from this and other rogue nations new policy has emerged. The nefarious intentions of the Iraqi regime are evident to most observers. It appears as if this regime plans to continue the production of WMD and deliver these weapons themselves or distribute them with the shadowy world of terrorist nets to designated targets in this clandestine manner.The signs of the times are all around us. Iraq already has break over fifty UN resolutions to date. The UN inspectors revealed that Saddam was vigorously working on stockpile of WMDchemical, bi ological and nuclear, and by the mid-9os he began to deny them access to his supply. He already has used these weapons against his own people and waves of foot soldiers in his war with Iran. He has pledged on number of occasions to bring destruction upon the United States, and even planned the assassination of its former president, George Bush.He has subsidized and continues to support terrorist groups throughout the region, including Hamas and Islamic Jihad harmonize to seized Palestinian documents. His relation to terrorism is matter of grave concern. (Rahul 2002 37-44) It provides special channel to deliver and promote his unsavoury designs, Bin Laden has called it religious duty for his minions to obtain and use WMD against the infidels, but he knows that his terrorist network needs help.It is only in the movies that Dr No is able to create the facilities to manufacture and deliver WMD. In the palpable world of terrorism, the capacity to make and utilize these weapons requ ires the help of government. Aum Shinrikyo, Japanese cult, tried to kill thousands of commuters with potent substance agent but managed to kill only dozen after spending somewhere around xxx million dollars. The loss of these lives was tragic but much less than expected and displayed the complexity of operations using these agents.The cult was not able to cook the chemical (sarin) in sufficient purity and resorted to using most primitive delivery systemcarrying it on train and piercing bags of it with tips of umbrellas. government working with terrorist organization would produce more lethal combination. 3 In light of this threat, it appears as if the only long-term solution is to deplete the regime in Baghdad. Some would argue that there is no need to rush into war. But one wonders how realistic this option is in view of the track record of the regime. Is it realistic to believe that Iraq would comply with inspectors?It did not the first time around, not in toto, woul d the UN impose the necessary sanctions and penalties if it did not? Or would it ignore accredited closed doors and cave in as it did before to Iraqi demands? And even if unmolested, would the inspectors catch the regime in its lies, knowing that it is likely to play shell game and was given four years to hide its weapons? (Bruce 2003 44) Donnes fatalist maxim succinctly defines the essential context of use that modern erudition services function within, and the variables determining their comparative fortunes.Their experiences suggest that they are very human institutions largely shaped by the vagaries of circumstances beyond their control, not to mention misfortune and luck. As refined information used by the state to further topic goals and policies, intelligence is directed, collected, analyzed and disseminated (the intelligence cycle) within the milieu of international politics. Intelligence work must hence function within the anarchical society of Great Powers. 1 Equal ly significant is the extent to which intelligence functionaries serve at the mercy of their policy masters.The intelligence officers themselves, in their various professional incarnations, are the grand men in this formulation, striving as they do to carry out their risky and/or snarly duties in the face of inertia and outright opposition on the part of rivals, enemies, and occasionally their own countrymen. It is unbelievable that any intelligence service in history has ever completely escaped subjugation to such(prenominal)(prenominal) restrictive bondage. As mentioned in the previous chapter, the war on al Qaeda should be give broad-front attack.It is already that in practice, but the rationale for sustaining this approach is less established and troubles are certain because such strategy requires relating the efforts of multiple agencies, subagencies, and even nations, and it sometimes necessitates rapid action. This would seem to require two enhancements of capability wh ich whitethorn at first seem contradictory, but they are complementary and equally important. (Paul 2002 31) These facts hold particularly real for the office of Strategic Services mission in London, Americas critical liaison and operational intelligence outstation during the Second World War.Expanding to peak of 2,800 personnel in 1944, OSS/London was originally established in October 1941 with the reach of single representative, followed by staff nucleus the day after Americas entry into the war. Eventually consisting of contingents from the four study OSS branches-Research and Analysis, Secret Intelligence, Special operations, and X-2 (counter-intelligence)-the mission served as focal point for Anglo-American intelligence relations in the determining(prenominal) theatre in the war against Germany.The London mission was at the heart of OSS relations with British intelligence, and as such it personified the essence of that connection in the Allied war effort. The Allied in vasion of Europe ensured that OSS/London, more than any other OSS outpost, would have the greatest opportunity to perform decisive role in the intelligence war. Other OSS missions would also make important contributions, notably in Cairo, Algiers and Italy but these were ultimately turnary theatres, musical composition in the Pacific and Asia, OSS never acquired the sound relationship with the military necessary for intelligence operations.London was at the heart of the Allied war effort, and at the heart of the Anglo-American alliance itself. While intelligence exchanges with the Soviet compact have been documented by Bradley F. Smith, London was the big league in Allied intelligence during the war. more significant matters were accordingly played-out there, offering detailed examples of intelligence services in action. The experiences of OSS in London thereof illuminate the process by which America was introduced to the various components of intelligence and clandestine work , and how well American intelligence performed in its own right.As the presumed precursor to the post-war US Central Intelligence Agency, OSS further invites study in order to understand the antecedents of Americas Cold War intelligence service. The significant Anglo-American context of the ontogenesis of modern American intelligence moreover suggests that the Anglo-American Special Relationship had an intelligence component that was manifested most strongly and clearly in OSS/London. (Bruce 2oo3 75) The mission thus provides case study of how US intelligence matured and became institutionalized within the context of the larger Anglo-American political-military alliance.This analysis accordingly examines an aspect of that alliance and of intelligence history in particular, that has not save been explored in any comprehensive detail. It is part of current historiographical review of the significance of intelligence services in military and international affairs. It specifically e xamines OSS/London within the context of Anglo-American relations, as well as the exploitation of both modern American, and Allied, intelligence during the Second World War.The general research approach blends what has been termed the American and British schools of intelligence scholarship. The more historical nature of British intelligence studies has been noted by Kenneth G. Robertson, while Roy Godsons Intelligence an American View, in Robertsons British and American Approaches to Intelligence, distinguishes betwixt this historical methodology and the more conceptual or theoretical nature of American studies (for example, Sherman Kents Strategic Intelligence for American World Policy).British diplomatic historiographer D. C. Watt has therefore identified these approaches as two distinct schools of intelligence study, though recent far-famed British contribution to the theoretical school is Michael Hermans Intelligence Power in Peace and War, which surveys the interrelations hip between post-war structures, tasks, and effectiveness. This study for its part demonstrates the influences of both schools by linking theoretical concepts to the role of intelligence ties within the larger wartime Anglo-American alliance.(Neville 2004 45) The second general purpose involves judging the relevance and professionalization of the OSS intelligence effort within the Anglo-American alliance, much of the quick literature on OSS has been preoccupied with the question of whether OSS had an impact on the war, of whether it accomplished anything of consequence. This very concern dominate the first ever OSS conference held at the US National Archives in July 1991. (Paul 2001 38-77)There has moreover been number of recent works beginning to examine the documentation on the OSS operational record in various geographic areas, such as Romania and China. 7 Richard Aldrich has gone considerable way toward surveying OSS link and rivalries with British intelligence in the Far E ast. 8 Particularly noteworthy in terms of this present study is Jay Jakubs recent Spies and Saboteurs, survey of Anglo-American collaboration and rivalry in espionage and special operations in trade union Africa, Yugoslavia, Asia, and France.Jakub focuses on identifying varying degrees of mutual dependence and independence in these specific operational realms, and is more considerably documented approach to the operational evolution of OSS, including within OSS/London. Having said that, no existing work on OSS has really addressed the experience of any OSS mission in terms of the trend identified by Andrew and Dilks, or provided comprehensive analysis of all the major OSS branches in their activities.The question of overall OSS significance to the war effort also remains largely unresolved historiographically. This present study therefore strives to detail OSS/Londons evolution and activities comprehensively, and to establish their larger significance to the institutionalizatio n of American intelligence after the war. The third major research goal flows naturally from the second to illuminate this alliance intelligence relationship within the larger framework of Anglo-American warring cooperation.This phrase was coined by David Reynolds to describe how Britain and America acted in concert as circumstances required, while lifelessness maneuvering for advantage and preeminence as powers. Linking this phenomenon with the ambiguity, ambivalence, misuse and circumstance inherent in intelligence operations as suggested by intelligence theory invites an analysis of the intelligence relations between two major wartime powers, or more bluntly, to place this intelligence study within the context of Great Power politics. (Anthony 2002 122-56)

Brief description of Elio Engineering Essay Example for Free

Brief description of Elio Engineering EssayElio Engineering is a gild founded by capital of Minnesota Elio and Hari Sankara for development and creation of late 1990s-era simple machine vests. Paul? s seat was sever of a special class of automotive seats in the sedulousness call(a)ed all-belts-to-seat (ABTS), and it was named NC seat (NC for No Compromise). Paul design seat called NC No Compromise since this seat would revolutionize the automotive industry making performance, whoremongert over and costs expose than the competition.Presently due to its naughty cost, ABTS was used much or slightly in luxury and high end vehicles only when with the design and idea of Paul, this technology becomes cheaper and can be implemented across all vehicle types for increased safety and comfort. A typical conventional front seat is priced virtually $500, abase cost compared with the ABTS seat that is like $750. One complete system costs an average of $2500. The seat mechanism, consisting of dilly-dallier and tracks, constitutes the technological core of the seat system. An ABTS integrates the seat belt directly into the seat that is potencely safer because it hugs the occupant in the event of rear collision. Ease of use, higher comfort level, more attractive appearance and maneuverability of extractable seats. In order to launch their product, and knowing that Bostrom was looking for and ABTS, Elio achieved an agreement with the firm, so they could use their site and their facilities (the computers and electronic equipment to warrant the quality of the seat, meet FMVSS and NHTSA standards) to develop the product, otherwise Elio wouldn?t have enough resources to produce and instal up the seat. Bostrom planned to unveil the NC Seat at an annual trade show in work of 1999 in Louisville, Kentucky. The size of the US truck Market in that year was expected to be around the 500. 000 units, with the company commanding a market share of 50%, the European Mar ket was about the same(p) size, but Bostrom had no presence there. Elio expected to be able to get 2 to 5 % royalties on sales in the truck industry. However, Paul had concerns if Bostrom is the right partner in this venture where the ABTS seat has the potential to save billions of lives.Potential Market Size for Elio ABTS Seat Technology Elios ABTS seat system with its parvenue technology, lighter weight, lesser components, higher safety and reduced costs has the potential to revolutionize the automotive industry and become the technology of choice for OEMs. The market potential in Northern the States is 17 million units and up to 53 million units worldwide. As mentioned in the blue ocean strategy of six paths analysis, Elio can also look at alternate industries like heavy trucks, aircraft and passenger trains for its ABTS seat systems (Kim Mauborgne, 2006).Partnership with OEMs maculation the ultimate users of automotive technology are the customers who buy the political mach ines, it is the OEMs who make the decision on the seat system that needs to be selected for their vehicles. The OEMs expect the seat system not only to barrack the body of a particular car model but for it to become a part of the innate interior design. The three fully growngest OEM players in the US market are GM, Ford and Diamler Chrysler with 29%, 25% and 16% of the market share.These OEMs use complex and sophisticated market segmentation technics based on demographics and lifestyles to design car interiors and seat systems. These OEMs wield enough power to dictate to the suppliers their requirements at very small operating margins of 2 to 5% (Burgelman, Christensen, Wheelwright, 2008). Also, it is particularly pertinent in engineering driven companies that assume developing new innovational products would generate fabulous success, which is not the case. The product might be flourishing, however the innovator might not.Considering the same points, it is important for Elio not to disclose their exact costs to OEMs and also do not rely solely on the innovation of their new ABTS seat system for continued success without a complimentary car interiors option (Kim Mauborgne, 2006). As a result, it is not recommended for Elio to directly approach the OEMs with their ABTS business proposition. Partnership with Competitors Elio Engineering began their initial collaboration with Bostrom Seating, a wholly owned subsidiary of Johnstown America Industries, Inc.(JAII) for prototyping and testing their design of ABTS for FMVSS and NHTSA standards adherence. While their results were successful and the partnership appeared lucrative, JAIIs capabilities in terms of OEM relationships, global presence, acquirement capability, existing alliances, JIT inventory, comfort engineering, CAD/CAM/CAE, benchmarking, investigate development, product development process, interior systems capabilities, total program management, unsloped integration, purchasing, in-house desi gn, system level testing and monetary growth were either derelict or non-existent (Burgelman, Christensen, Wheelwright, 2008).In this regards, for Elio Engineering, JAII can be seen as early adopters (Moore, 2002), but for Elio to move towards dramatic growth, they will need an early majority (Moore, 2002). In Northern America, Johnson Controls (JCI), Lear Corp. And Magna are the big tier-one players. They have about 60% of the market share. JCI is a global diversified technology and industrial attractor in automotive seating, overhead systems and interior electronics (JohnsonControls, 2010).JCI has a strong to adequate positions in OEM relationships, global presence, acquisition capability, existing alliances, JIT inventory, comfort engineering, CAD/CAM/CAE, benchmarking, research development, product development process, interior systems capabilities, total program management, vertical integration, purchasing, in-house design, system level testing and financial growth. Lear C orp. is weaker than JCI in engineering and manufacturing abilities but compensated on systems integration and tier-two relationships. Magna did not excel in any particular area but it had adequate capabilities in most areas.Additionally, JCI and Lear Corp. have a strong global presence too with 27% and 25% respectively in Europe. All the three tier-one companies have the research development and manufacturing capabilities to transfer know-how to develop commercially viable products (Burgelman, Christensen, Wheelwright, 2008 fresh Bruton, 2007). For Elio Engineering, partnering with a tier-one operator is the practical option due to the following reasons Easy access to extensive manufacturing capabilities. adit to global markets. Access to sophisticated research and development facilities. Strong relationships with OEMs. JIT Inventory and efficient supply range of mountains management. Good tier-two relationships. For Elio Engineering, partnering with Lear Corp. would be the better than JCI for the following reasons JCI has strong RD set-up and they would have their in-house development for ABTS technology. Hence, Elio will have less bargaining power with JCI and possible conflict from JCIs in-house team. However, Lear Corps R D is weak and they would opt for the ABTS technology from Elio to be able to better compete with JCI.This will enable Elio to have the better hand in negotiations. Lear Corp has the second largest market share in both Northern America and Europe after JCI. Lear Corp will be able to take advantage of Elios ABTS ancestor to increase their market share. Earlier attempts to associate with JCI were not successful for Paul. The above points indicate that with Lear Corp, Elio will be able to engage in equal terms and be in a win-win situation more than with JCI.References Burgelman, R. , Christensen, C. Wheelwright, S. (2008).Strategic management of technology and innovation (5th ed. ). New York McGraw-Hill Irwin. Johnstown Con trols. (2010). Company and Businesses. Retrieved from http//www. johnsoncontrols. com/ Kim, W. C. Mauborgne, R. (2005). Blue ocean strategy How to create contest market space and make the competition irrelevant. Boston Harvard Business School Press. Moore, G. (2002). Crossing the chasm (Rev. ed. ). New York HarperCollins Publishers. White, M. , Bruton, G. (2007). The management of technology and innovation A strategic approach. Mason, OH Thompson South-Western.

Traditional versus Modern Essay Example for Free

Traditional versus Modern EssayMoral philosophy or ethics is about the individuals concept or system of veracious and defile behavior which becomes his foundation or basis of deterrent example judgment and decisions. Two kinds of ethics which differs in moral judgment are traditional and modern ethics. Traditional ethics emerge from the religious beliefs of what is morally right and ill-treat plus some concepts from the early philosophers such as Aristotle, Kant, Mill, Moore, Hume, and many others. The philosophers explained virtues and truths according to what is good and bad. Moreover, the take over and domination of Christianity, the law or concept of ethics (divine law) was about what is right or wrong demeanour (murder, theft, etc).However, some philosophers like Sidgwick constructed a system according to intention of the individual. Modern ethics is more of the spring or motive of the doer whether it is for the good of many people or for just a fewer ones that pus hed him to do the said unjust behavior. That is why there is a term today as legitimately wrong, merely morally right. Traditional and modern ethics should not be necessarily considered as opposite ideas and beliefs that are contrasting each other. Modified traditional ethics can be considered as modern ethics since most of the morals today came from religious beliefs and early philosophies as respected by almost all cultures (specifically the Ten Commandments).Traditional ethics greatly affected our foundation of what is right and wrong or responsibility, which also became the basis of our cultural norms. But, as time passes by, people started to look closer to the different sides of the story that makes us consider the reasons or intentions behind an action that we later decide whether it is wrong or right. For example, when person steal a medicine for his dying mother because he has no enough cash to buy it for her, in term of traditional ethics, the person committed a crime. But in scathe of modern ethics, he is morally not guilty since he did it to save his mothers life. piety and theology became the foundations of traditional ethics of responsibility and helped it its developments. Modern ethics became more independent from religious views but is still greatly influenced by traditional beliefs as cultural norms were adapted from it which helps a persons system of judgment.ReferencesMoore-Bruder. (2006). Moral and Political Philosophy. Philosophy The Power of Ideas, Sixth Edition. The McGraw-Hill Companies. Electronic Version

Code of Sexual Ethics Essay Example for Free

Code of Sexual Ethics EssayThe value of a edict of inner ethical motive is one that is extremely important to hold close to ones mind and soul. Human grammatical gender is a broad topic in society and everyone has distinct dupes on what is important to them as individuals. My view of human versedity has been shaped with many influences. Growing up, my Mother always taught me to be lucky with my sexuality, and I watched my older siblings show the same confidence that my Mother was teaching me. She taught me to respect others and myself equally, no matter what judge of sexuality that they hold. Basically Treat others how you want to be treated. I hope to teach my children in the same effective way that my Mother taught my siblings and I. I feel as though having this code of sexual ethics will act as a backbone to the teachings of human sexuality for my children and the next generation. I plan for them to follow this code faithfully, as I will continue to do so passim the remaining soma of my life.CODETo my Children I retain countersink together a code of sexual ethics that will help instruct and guide you in the right direction through with(predicate)out the course of your lives. Part of discovering yourself sexually usually involves developing your personal set of morals and values as they appertain to sexual issues(Hock, 6). This code of sexual ethics should not be viewed soley as disciplinary, the purpose is to provide counselling throughout the course of your lives. The first principle that is essential to your sexual health and well-being is to always role protection. This is important because Be faithful to your partnerWait until you are ready, do not let anyone squelch you/dont take advantage Make sure its the right person to per centum the experience withMost people agree that parents are the approximately appropriate source of sexual knowledge (Hock, 15).THE asideMy parents boast taught me to always be respectful to women. I wou ld never force myself on any cleaning woman. They taught me to charge respect with all people, and not to judge others based on their sexuality, even if they whitethorn be different from me. I was also taught to never hold back my feelings, and to follow my heart. Yes, in some(prenominal) situations throughout my life, this has winding to heart break. However, in others, it has brought me to experiencing the most amazing feeling in the world love. I have been cognise to wear my heart on my sleeve, that, this put forth both benefits and harms on my feelings throughout my life. Sex on the other hand, has always been a bit more personal. My parents did not exclusively teach me virtually(predicate) sex. They taught me just approximately love and relationships in general. Although, the topic of sex did arise, it was never the main focus of their teachings.My mother and I have a very comfortable relationship, we are usually able to talk about anything. She has taught me almost e verything I need to know about how to make relationships work along with the respectful ways to treat the woman I love. We did not start having these discussions until I was in high school. I wish that we would have talked about sexual values and behaviors while I was in middle school because that is when I started seriously inclination girls. It all started at a pretty young age. I was always able to speak through my heart, even though I tend to be extremely shy. When it comes to feelings of my heart, I need to let it out. My mammy and my peers have always been helpful to me in developing my awareness and understanding about my sexuality.I have never struggled with my sexuality personally, however, I have always cared greatly about the way I consider. almost people call me metro sexual. This all started when I was very young. Because I wore nice c traffic circlehes, and did my sensory hair everyday, some people would mistake me for homosexual. This did not bother me though beca use I have always been comfortable with my sexuality because I know that I am not homosexual. I just like to look good, which in turn helps me feel good about myself. On the other hand, I think that the media whitethorn have played an unhelpful part in raising awareness and understanding about sexuality. Although some programs out on that point do a great job of explaining these concepts, most of the ones that I was exposed to, did not.communicating about sexuality is unimpeachably welcomed when talking with my mother. However, it is almost fully unwelcomed when talking with my father. We just never talked about that sort of stuff. With my Dad and I, it has always been all about sports. Although, I am comfortable talking about my sexuality in general with all of my family members, I am not be comfortable freeing into detail on my sexual experiences. I think this is the case because my sexual experiences are a private, sexual matter. My family has no business in knowing about it unless something negative comes out of it, which it never has.THE PRESENT AND inferenceThe process of writing my code of sexual ethics was interesting. It allowed me to really look back on my past tense actions and reflect upon what I did wrong and what I did right. It is also interesting to think that I may be sharing this code with my children in the future. That fact in itself shaped the way I wrote my code of ethics because I really had to think about what I would approve of as a parent and how I would want my child to behave sexually. It was a hard process, but I learned a lot about myself along the way. I think that writing a code of sexual ethics was definitely useful and helpful in clarifying my sexual philosophy.This is because of the major thought process that was required to put into the creation of the code. I had to dig deep into my families, and my own beliefs and values when addressing sexual behavior, which in turn subtle some hazy thoughts in my mind as well. I c urrently live by most of the principles I wrote in my code of ethics. My parents raised me well and taught me to respect myself and others, and to also take responsibility for your actions. If there are any of the guidelines of my code that I did not live by in the past, than I will change my ways to live by them now. I can comfortably communicate with friends and intimate partners depending on the content of the subject.I have learned a great amount of breeding throughout this course. This information has shaped the way I formed my code of sexual ethics. We learned how to respect ourselves and love ourselves before anyone else and that was the basis of my code of sexual ethics. I think my code is pretty solid. I do not think it will need much revision in the future. However, it may need some additions. It may need additions because over the course of time my idea of ethics may change, as I elevate older. When I am married the code may be a bit different for me, however I would w ant to teach my children this exact code of sexual ethics.

Communications in Society Essay Example for Free

Communications in Society EssayMGMT 351 examen 1Directions Respond to five of the following questions. Responding to more than five will not earn otiose credit. If you decide not to follow this direction, the five lowest scoring answers will constitute the grade for this test. in that location are some important considerations for successful completion of the text 1. Accurate information is important, and it must straightaway address the question. 2. Use all terms appropriately.3. Several questions take aim more than one part. Complete and true answers will earn maximum credit. Make sure that all of the requested information is provided. 4. Each have sex and accurate answer is worth 20% of the grade for this exam. 5. Assignments are automatically sent through Turnitin to check into for appropriate commit of material (e.g. paraphrasing, citations). Make sure that your work follows all the guidelines for academic honesty. 6. Use the number as here listed. Do not renumber .7. Watch the deadline. Late exams will not receive credit. 8. Answers must reflect college level writing skills, i.e. clear sentence construction and correct spelling, grammar and use of punctuation. Deductions from the test sexual conquest will be made for failure to meet this standard. 9. If anything is unclear, ask rather than assume it doesnt put one across a difference.To complete this exam, follow these steps1. Download this exam and save it as a MSWord document.2. get a line through all the questions and choose those you will attempt to answer. 3. Provide complete and accurate answers to those five questions. 4. Save.5. gestate your saved response to the exam under the Assignment by the deadline for this assignment.Questions1. Effective ecesisal colloquy is sincerely an interactive process. The people taking part in the communication ex modify must listen conservatively and respond accurately to the other interactants. There are ten elements that contribute to inter active communication (see inscribe 1.2 on page 5 of your text). exploitation an example from your own experience, identify how these ten elements impacted the communication process, making sure to accurately label all ten.2. Organizational philosophy has significant influence on management practice and communication in an organization. Briefly distinguish between classical, humanistic and systems theories. Now run possible impact of each of these perspectives on the writing of job descriptions. Be specific.3. Strategic communication relies on effective tactics in four areas. Name them and define them. Now consider this situation and yield what you know about these four areas to this situationNext week, Clark will be giving a actually important budget proposal presentation. This could be a boost to his career, or a bust. If he hopes to have his proposal accepted, he needs to be strategic in the plan and delivery for this presentation. How should he use the four areas of strategi c communication to accomplish his intentions?4. What is communication anxiety, what role does it play in communication, and what are the causes? bring five of these causes and offer suggestions for effectively managing anxiety resulting from each of these causes.5. What is organizational destination and how does it determine standards for communication, both internally and externally? Next, as an advisor to someone considering joining an organization, direct your advisee to some avenues to explore to discover what is the culture of an organization in order to determine if this is the sort out organization for your advisee to join. Lastly, how important is cultural match?6. The American culture is certainly not uniform. There are considerable differences in how members view the world (e.g. values, beliefs, opinions, etc.). not using national origin/heritage (e.g. Italian-American), choose three subcultures present in the American workforce and explain how the values and beliefs of each subcultures impact how those employees behave at work.7. Communication competence is based on interactive listening. Questioning techniques improve listening by making the speaker more efficient, and they facilitate goal accomplishment. Imagine that you are a manager who has been approached by a subordinate who manages others, i.e. you are the managers manager. One of the managers subordinates, who up until recently has been a good performer, has been making significant mistakes lately. Using all of the five types of questions, help the manager design his/her own set of questions to get to the issues behind this decrease performance. Make sure to accurately label each type of question used. Lastly, explain how this strategy is potential to help the manager correctly identify the performance issues involved.8. Name and define each of the three Ds. Then list two consequences and two strategies for overcoming each of these problems.9. Put yourself in a work environment. contr oversy all, naming at least five, of the nonverbal messages you notice, making sure to accurately label each. Now tally the impact of this combination of nonverbal messages on the people working there. Is it a positive impact? Lastly, if you could change any of these messages by instituting a new personnel policy, what would you do and what would the policy look like?10. Does sexuality make a difference in how employees communicate in the workplace? Using specific examples, support your conclusion. Now think of a time when communication was effective during communication involving coworkers of the opposite sex. Lastly, describe a time when communication between members of both sexes was not effective. What could have been done differently? Be specific.11. leading step up when needed. Will you recognize when you should rise to a leadership position? First, write eat the names of leaders (at least 3) that you admire or seek to emulate. Explain what you find admirable in their lead ership styles. Now, choose at least one, of these leaders and note a situation in which he or she acted as a leader. Be prepared to discuss what elements of the situation combined with elements of the leaders ability to lead resulted in an effective combination. Do you have any of the same leadership characteristics in common with their chosen leader or any of the other leaders? How will you recognize the right combination of situation and style for you to be a leader?12. Managing change is something good leaders pass judgment and have developed the skills necessary to be successful. Imagine yourself as a leader of the following organizationYou are the CEO of a playing card company that has existed since 1889. Your company began producing its first electronic playing cards game in 1970 and has been highly successful. Now in the electronic age, it is important to acknowledge the escape of take hold playing cards and embrace the video game era. You want to eliminate all hand-held playing cards from the company plan but the employees who have been around for a while regard to keep the cards around. How can you manage this change and the anxiety that it produces in your employees? General answers are not enough to earn points on this question. Identify specific steps you will take to achieve desire outcomes.

Personality Psychology Essay Example for Free

reputation Psychology EssayThe terminal figure reputation is derived from the Latin watchword persona meaning a mask. reputation is a patterned body of habits, traits, attitudes and ideas of an personistic as these atomic number 18 organized externally into roles and statuses and as they relate internally to motivation, goals and various thoughts of egotism-importancehood. According to Robert Park and Earnest bourgeois constitution is the sum and organization of those traits which fit the role of the respective(prenominal) in the group. According to Linton, genius embraces the numerate organized aggregate of psychological borderes and status pertaining to the individual. Parsonality says Maclver is all that an individual is and has experienced so far as this all can be comprehended as unity. According to Lundberg the term temperament refers to the habits, attitudes and other hearty traits that atomic number 18 characteristic of a devoted individuals sol dieryner. By spirit Ogburn means the integ evaluation of the socio-psychological fashion of the homo being, represented by habits of action and feeling, attitudes and opinions. Davis regards personality a psychic phenomenon which is uncomplete perfect nor kind but an emergent from a combination of the two.According to Young personality is the totality of carriage of an individual with a given tendency system interacting with a sequence of stations. On the basis of these definitions it may be said there be two main approaches to the study of personality 1. The psychological 2. The sociological The psychological approach considers personality as a indisputable style peculiar to the individual. This style is driven by the characteristic organization of mental trends, complexes, emotions and sentiments.The psychological approach enables us to understand the phenomena of personality disarrangement and the role of wishes, of mental conflict and of repression and sublimati on in the growth of personality. The sociological approach considers personality in term of the status of the individual in the group, in terms of his conception of his role in the group of which he is a member. What others pretend of us plays a large part in the shapeation of our personality. Thus personality is a sum of the ideas, attitudes and values of a person which determine his role in society and form an integral part of his character. nature is acquired by the individual as a result of his participation in group life. As a member of the group he learns certain style systems and symbolic skills which determine his ideas, attitudes and cordial values. These ideas, attitudes and values which an individual holds comprise his personality. In brief it can be said 1. Personality is not related to bodily structure alone. It includes both structure and dynamics. 2. Personality is an indi distinct unit. 3. Personality is neither good nor bad. 4. Every personality is unique 5. Pe rsonality refers to persistent qualities of the individual.It expresses consistency and regularity. 6. Personality is acquired. 7. Personality is enamourd by social interaction. It is defined in terms of behavior. Determinant Personality is a result of the combination of quadruple factors- physical environment, genetic endowment, last and limited experiences. Geographical environment sometimes determines cultural vari talent. Man comes to form ideas and attitudes tally to the physical environment he lives in. To the extent that the environment determines cultural development and to the extent that acculturation in turn determines personality a relationship between personality and environment becomes clear.Montesque in 18th hundred claimed that the bravery of those blessed by a cold climate enables them to maintain their liberties. Great heat enervates endurance while cold causes certain vigor of body and heading. The good deal of mountain as well as deserts argon usually bo ld, hard and powerful. However physical conditions are to a greater extent permissive and throttle factors than causative factors. They set the limits within which personality can develop. Hereditary is another factor determining world personality. Some of the similarities in mans personality are said to be due to his green heredity.Every charitable group inherits the same general set of biological call for and capacities. These common needs and capacities explain some of our similarities in personality. Man tends to resemble his parents in physical appearance and intelligence. However heredity does not mould human personality alone and unaided. We can assume that there are genes for sane personality traits just as there are genes for other aspects of human life and functioning. Heredity scarcely furnishes the materials out of which experience will mould the personality. Experience determines the way these materials will be used.An individual may be energetic because of his h eredity but whether he is active on his suffer belief or on behalf of others is a matter of his training. in that location can be little doubt that glossiness for the most part determines the types of personality that will predominate in the grumpy group. According to some sociologists personality is the subjective aspect of culture. They regard personality and culture as two sides of same coin. Spiro had observed the development of personality and the encyclopaedism of culture are not different appendagees but one and the same study process.Personality is an individual aspect of culture while culture is a collective aspect of personality. Each culture produces its surplus type or types of personality. A given cultural environment sets its participant members off from other human beings operating under different cultural environments. According to Frank culture is a coercive influence dominating the individual and molding his personality by virtue of the ideas, conceptions and beliefs which had brought to bear on him done communal life. The culture provides the raw material of which the individual makes his life.The traditions, customs, mores, religion, institutions, moral and social standards of a group affect the personality of the group members. From the moment of birth the tiddler is treated in ways which shape his personality. Every culture exerts a series of general influences upon the individuals who grow up under it. It can be summed up that culture greatly moulds personality. The individual ideas and behavior are largely the results of cultural conditioning. However it should not be cerebrate that culture is a massive die that shapes all that come under it with an identical pattern. whole the pack of a given culture are not of same cast. Personality traits differ within whatsoever culture. Personality is not totally placed by culture even though no personality escapes its influence. It is only one determinant among others. Personality i s also determined by another factor the particular and unique experiences. There are two types of experiences one those that stem from continuous association with ones group, second those that arise suddenly and are not likely to recur. The type of people who meet the barbarian daily has a major influence on his personality.The personality of parents does more to affect a tiddlers personality. The social rituals ranging from table manners to getting along with others are consciously inculcated in the peasant by his parents. The child picks up the language of his parents. Group influences are relatively greater in azoic childhood. This is the period when the relationships of the child with the mother, father and siblings affect profoundly the organization of his drives and emotions, the deeper and subconscious aspects of his personality. Group interaction moulds the childs personality.It may also be inferred that personality is a matter of social situations. It has been shown by social inquiryers that a person may show honesty in one situation and not in another. The same is true for other personality traits also. Personality traits tend to be specific responses to particular situations kind of than general behavior patterns. It is a dynamic unity with a creative potential. Heredity, physical environment, culture and particular experiences are thus the four factors that explain personality its formation, development and maintenance.Beyond the joint influence of these factors thus far the relative contribution of separately factor to personality varies with the characteristic or personality process knotted and perhaps with the individual concerned. How to develop 1. - 1 - Think positive thoughts, both nigh yourself and others in general. The thoughts that we think soon turn into the words we say and the actions we take. Having good thoughts about yourself gives you self-confidence and self-respect, essential in all good person. . - 2 - Never lose a ch ance to prove yourself. In our daytime to day life we came across several opportunities which could help our self in defining our personality. for ex adenosine monophosphatele if you are in a conversation with a group or a individual you must talk in a way that you can prove others what you are really. and it does not matter if you say a line of work or a speech. the thing which will matter is the words of yous. whether they were able to leave an impact on others or not. 3. 3 - Look for famous people whose personality defined them. Athletes, artists, actors and musicians are people who eccentric challenges in their careers everyday. They have to have patience and perseverance in order to succeed. Many of them are debase in spite of their success and fame. These are life skills which is learned culminate in the creation of a good personality. 4. - 4 -Look deep inside yourself and think about who you are. Many people ascertain themselves to be better than apparent by reflection. 5. - 5 - Help wherever and whenever you can. A little hand can go along way in changing another persons day. 6. - 6 - Always be yourself. If you are following some famous personality or you are being just you. extend to sure that you never lose yourself. It means that you have to stick to that behavior every time. Feel it in your blood. 7. 7 Learn to love other people. Many bad personalities come about because people do not want to forgive each other and thus become fill up with so some(prenominal) inter personal hate that they hate other people. This makes them come off as bad and self centered when all they lack is the insight to forgive and forget whatever may be the resolve of conflict between them. Types Of Personality 1. Type A type A Type B Personality 2. invaginate international ampere Extrovert Personality Type A Personality Is restless, so that he always moves, walks amp eats rapidly Is impatient with the pace of things Does several things at once Schedules more amp more Does not have time to relax amp enjoy life Type B Personality More relaxed, sociable amp balanced outlook of life Hardworking but feel no pressing conflict with people or time Slide 3 By Manjiri Shanbhag 2. Introvert amp Extrovert Personalities Introvert Personality Basically shy, prefer to be alone amp have bar in communicating.Are quite, introspective, well-ordered, emotionally unexpressive amp value oriented Prefers small groups of intimate friends amp plans well ahead Extrovert Personality are outgoing, objective, aggressive amp relate well with people sociable, lively, impulsive, seeking novelty amp change, carefree amp emotionally expressive major(ip) contributing factors to Personality By Manjiri Shanbhag Major contributing factors to Personality Major contributing factors to Personality By Manjiri Shanbhag HEREDITY- Heredity refers to factors that were determined at conception These are the characteristics that are generally considered to be imported completely or well from ones parents. For eg. Physical stature, facial attractiveness, temperament, biological rhythms etc. The role of heredity on personality development is still an unsettled area of understanding. ENVIRONMENT- This is a broad term and includes factors such as culture which influences norms, attitudes and values that are passed along from one generation to the next and creates consistencies over time.Every culture has its own subcultures, each with its own views about such qualities as moral values and standards, cleanliness, and definition of success. Although culture has crucial influences on personality development, a linear relationship cannot be established between personality and the given culture for two reasons The cultural impacts upon an individual are not uniform, because they are transmitted by certain people-parents and others-who are not at all alike in their values and practices, and The individual has some experiences that are unique.Each individual reacts in his or her own way to social pressures, the differences in behavior being caused by biological factors. Major contributing factors to Personality Major contributing factors to Personality By Manjiri Shanbhag Major contributing factors to Personality FAMILY- The family has considerable influence on personality development, particularly in the early stages.The process can be examined from three different perspectives Identification can be viewed as the similarity of the behavior (including feelings and attributes) between child and model Identification can be looked as the childs motor or desire to be like the model Identification can be viewed as the process through which the child very takes on the attributes of the model The identification process is fundamental to the understanding of personality development SOCIALIZATION- Socialization involves the process by which a person acquires, from the enormously wide range of behavioral potentialities at are open to an individual Thi s process involves the organizations and groups SITUATIONAL- Situations seem to differ substantially in the constraints they inflict on behavior. Personality Theories By Manjiri Shanbhag Personality Theories Personality Theories By Manjiri Shanbhag Psychoanalytic Theory- This theory was developed by Sigmund Freud, in his 40 years of writing and clinical practice He developed The first citywide personality theory A method for treating neurotic ills, and An extensive body of clinical observations based on his therapeutic experiences and self-analysis Freud associated the mind as an ice-berg where in only a small portion is visible which represents the conscious experience and the other major mass below water level represents unconscious. This unconscious mind is a storehouse of impulses, passions, and primitive instincts that affect our thoughts and behavior Freud sought to explore this unconscious mind, and he did so by the method of free association. Freud saw personality as bein g composed of three elements- id, ego and tops(predicate) ego This tripartite division of personality is know an tructural model of mental life He insisted that these structures be considered as hypothetical contrcuts, since the field of neuro-anatomy was not sufficiently advanced to locate them within the primal nervous system The Id- According to Freud, the Id employs to rid the personality of tension reflex actions and primary process. Personality Theories Personality Theories By Manjiri Shanbhag Personality Theories Contd Psychoanalytic Theory The Ego Ego is making you realize the reality. Mental regards cannot indulge your needs, as such the reality and existence must be considered. Ego is developed from the id due to the requirement to deal with reality.For eg, if you show images of food items to a starving man he will never be satisfied. The tension of hunger will be reduced only by having food. The Super Ego This is one-third part of the personality, representing your internal representation of values, beliefs and morals of the society as learned from your parents when you were child. To function constructively in the society, you should acquire system of values, norms, ethics, and attitudes which must be compatible with the society. The highly ego judges whether an action is decent or wrong as per the standards raised by the society. As such the id seeks pleasure, the ego tests the reality and the super ego strives for perfection.Freud believed that the conflict between the id impulses-primarily sexual and aggressive instincts-and the restraining influences of the ego and the super ego constituted the cause sources of personality This study contributed to four areas Creative Behavior ii. Dissatisfaction iii. Group Development iv. Leadership and influence However, since id, ego, super ego are primarily black-box explanation of human beings, as such the theory fails to reflect the human personality and behavior. This is the criticism whi ch this theory faces. Personality Theories By Manjiri Shanbhag Social Learning Theory The social learning theories of personality consider human behavior as an important behavior.It focuses on the behavior patterns and cognitive activities in relation to the specific conditions that evoke, maintain or modify them. This behavior is emphasized by the human behavior in a particular situation There are two ways of learning 1. through rein shovement, direct experience and 2. learning by observing others, which is called Vicarious learning. Some of the personal variables that determine what an individual will do in a particular situation include the following Competencies- intelligence ability, social skills, other abilities. Cognitive Strategies- Habitual ways of selectively attending to information and organising meaningful units.Outcome expectations- Expectations about the consequences of different behaviors and the meaning of certain stimuli Subjective value outcome- Different indi viduals behaving differently in the same situations ego regulatory systems and plans- Individual differences in self-imposed goals, rules guiding behavior, self-imposed rewards for success or punishment for failure, and ability to plan and execute steps leading to a goal will lead to differences in behavior. All these variables interact with the conditions of a particular situation to determine what an individual will do in that situation The social learning theorist have been criticized for over-emphasizing the importance of situational factors in behavior to the neglect of individual differences. An individual is regarded as flexible, malleable, and passive victim of external stimuli-the permanent pawn of environmental fate. Environmental conditions are held to be superior to human nature. Personality TheoriesPersonality Theories By Manjiri Shanbhag Personality Theories Self Concept Theory Carl Rogers and Abrham Maslow are credited with the humanistic theory of personality. Rog ers Self Concept theory This approach to personality is described as phenomenological, which is the study of the individuals subjective experience, feeling, and private concepts as well as his views of the world and self. The behavior is dependent on how we perceive the world, that is the behavior is a result of immediate events as they are actually perceived and interpreted by the individual. Such an approach to personality emphasizes the self and its characteristics.This is often referred to as self theory personality because the best vantage point for understanding behavior is from the internal frame of extension phone of the individual himself. Basic to Rogers personality theory are two concept theory self and self-actualization. The self consist of all the ideas, perceptions and values that characterize I or Me it includes the awareness What I am and What I can do. Self-concept denotes the individuals conception of the person he is. It is ones image of oneself. This perceived (self-concept) influences both the persons perception of the world and his own behavior. Self-actualization is the basic motivating force representing the inherent tendency of the organism to develop all its capabilities in ways which serve to maintain or enhance the person.Central to the humanistic approach are the following concepts An individual is an integrated whole, Animal research is irrelevant to human behavior, Human nature is essentially good, Man has creative potential, and Psychological health of man is most important Personality Theories By Manjiri Shanbhag Trait Theory A personality trait is soundless as being an enduring attribute of a person that apprears accordantly in a cast of situations. A trait differentiates one from another in a relatively permanent or consistent way. This is abstract from an individuals behavior and serves as an useful unit of analysis to understand personality.There are two ways of analyzing personality traits (i) the person describes himself by answering questions about this attitudes, feelings, and behaviors (ii) someone else evaluates the persons traits either from what he knows about the individual or from direct observations of behavior. With the first method, a personality blood is most often used, whereas the second usually involves using a rating scale. This is essentially a questionnaire in which the person reports reactions or feelings in certain situations. A personality inventory asks the same questions of each person, and the answers are usually given in a form that can be easily rated. This inventory is to measure a single dimension of personality or several personality traits simultaneously.A rating scale is a device for recording judgment about a trait. The rating scale is filled up by someone else by what he or she knows about the individual or by studying his or her behavior in certain situations. A major objection to trait theories is that they are very descriptive rather than analytical and are a long way from being encyclopedic theories of personality. Behavior cannot be explained by trait theory. Personality Theories Personality Dimensions By Manjiri Shanbhag Personality Dimensions Authoritarianism Is a concept developed by psychologist Adorno during World War II to measure susceptibility to autocratic, fascist, or anti-democratic appeals.Since whence the concept has been extended to the authoritarian personality, a generic term used to describe an individual who has besotted belief in the legitimacy of established mechanisms of formal authority, views obedience to authority as necessary, exhibits a negative philosophy of people, adheres to conventional and traditional value systems, is intellectually rigid and opposes the use of subjective feelings. Machiavellianism- This is a term derived from the writings of Nicoli Machiavelli, which refers to individuals propensity to manipulate people. Machiavellians would be prone to participate in organisational politic s. They are also adept at interpersonal game-playing, power tactics, and identifying influence systems in organizations. Locus of Control- Refers to an individuals belief that events are either within ones control (internal locus of control) or are determined by forces beyond ones control (external locus of control). These traits are manifested in different behaviors which are significant to managers.